Chemestry Flashcards
(39 cards)
Pauli Exclusion Principle
No 2 electrons can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers.
Atomic orbital can hold 2 electrons and they must have opposing spins.
Aufbau principle
“Build up” the lowest energy orbitals are filled first
Hund’s Rule
When orbitals of equal energy are available the electron configuration of lowest energy has the maximum number of unpaired
Ionic
Metal and nonmetal or metal together
Covalent
Two non-metals
Binary molecular compounds
Contain atoms of two different nonmetals
Speed of light in a vacuum
c = 2.998 x 10^8 m/s
Planck’s constant
h = 6.626 x 10^-34 j*s
Avogadro’s constant
NA = 6.022 x 10^23
Seven element occur as diatomic molecules (molecules consisting of 2 atoms)
Br Cl F H I N O
In a covalent compound name, you must specify the number of atoms of each element
However, if The prefix on the fist atom is mono-, it is not included in the name. Ie. CO2 is carbon dioxide not monocarbon dioxide
Oxidizing agent
Species that gets reduced
Gain of electrons
Decrease in oxidation state
Reducing agent
Species that gets oxidized
Loss of electrons
Increase in oxidation state
Diatomic elements
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Reducing agent
LEO: Loses Electrons Oxidized
Oxidizing agent
GER: Gain Electrons Reduced
Combustion analysis
Laboratory technique to help determine empirical formula of chemical compound that contain C & H
Synthesis reaction
Simple substances combine to form more complex substances
A+B—->AB
Decomposition reaction
More complex substances break down into simpler ones
AB—>A+B
Single-replacement reaction
An element displaced another element within a compound
A+BC—>AC+B
Double-replacement reaction
Ionic compounds exchange anions
AB+CD—>AD+CB
Combustion reaction
A substance, often referred to as fuel, rapidly combines w/oxygen, generally producing carbon dioxide and water
CxHy+O2—>CO2+H2O
Enthalpy
Combination of changed in heat energy
Entropy
Randomness
