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chemistry > Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A single element or compound not mixed with any other substance

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2
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances mixed together

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3
Q

What is a formulation?

A

A mixture that has been designed as a useful product and is formed by mixing together several different substances in carefully measured quantities to ensure the product has the required properties

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4
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

The substance dissolved in water

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5
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

The substance does not dissolve in water

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6
Q

What is a solute?

A

The soluble substance which dissolved

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7
Q

What is the solvent?

A

The liquid in which the solute dissolved

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8
Q

What is the solution?

A

The mixture of the solute dissolved in the solvent

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9
Q

Miscible liquids …

A

Mix

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10
Q

Immiscible liquids …

A

Don’t mix

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11
Q

What is the filtrate?

A

The filtered solution

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12
Q

What is the residue?

A

The solid which remains on the filter paper (during filtration)

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13
Q

What is the distillate?

A

The solution obtained from distillation

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14
Q

What is distillation used to separate?

A

A solvent from a solution or to separate two miscible liquids

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15
Q

What is fractional distillation used for?

A

A mixture of liquids in which the liquids have boiling points which are close together

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16
Q

How to work out the retardation factor in a chromatogram?

A

Distance moved by spot/
distance moved by solvent

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17
Q

What is the paper called in chromatography?

A

The stationary phase

18
Q

What is the solvent called in chromatography?

A

The mobile phase

19
Q

What is potable water?

A

Water which is safe to drink

20
Q

Name the three processes required to make water potable:

A

Filtration
Sedimentation
Chlorination

21
Q

In the treatment of water, what does sedimentation do?

A

Sediments particles in the water which settle out

22
Q

In water treatment, what does chlorination do?

A

Kills harmful microorganisms

23
Q

Describe the chemical test for water:

A

When Water is added to anhydrous cooper(II) Sulfate, it changes from white to blue

24
Q

Describe a flame test:

A

Nichrome wire dipped in acid
Then dipped into solid sample
Wire is held in Bunsen
Flame colour observed

25
Q

What colour of flame does calcium make?

A

Brick red

26
Q

What colour of flame does sodium make?

A

Yellow

27
Q

What colour of flame does cooper make?

A

Blue-green

28
Q

Describe a precipitate test:

A

Add sodium hydroxide or ammonia to a solution containing metal ions
Observe the colour of the precipitate
Add excess ammonia or sodium hydroxide and observe if it redissolves or not

29
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid which may be formed on mixing two solutions

30
Q

What colour is iron(III) precipitate?

A

Brown

31
Q

What colour in Aluminiums precipitate?

A

White

32
Q

When excess sodium hydroxide is added to the zinc precipitate, what happens?

A

The precipitate redissolves
A colourless solution is formed

33
Q

What must be used to distinguish between zinc and aluminium?

A

Ammonia

34
Q

To get an anion precipitate, what needs to be added?

A

Silver nitrate or barium chloride to sulfate, or hydrochloric acid to carbonate

35
Q

What colour of precipitate does bromine make?

A

Cream

36
Q

Describe a positive test for carbonate?

A

Bubbles of gas produced which change limewater from colourless to milky

37
Q

What colour of precipitate does chlorine make?

A

White

38
Q

What colour of precipitate does sulfate make?

A

White

39
Q

What colour of precipitate does iodine make?

A

Yellow

40
Q

What happens when excess ammonia is added to cooper precipitate?

A

A deep blue solution is formed

chemistry (9 decks)

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