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Anaphy > Chemical Basis of Life > Flashcards

Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

concerned with atomic composition and structure of substances and the reactions they undergo

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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3
Q

amount of matter in an object; kilogram

A

Mass

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4
Q

gravitational force acting on an object

A

Weight

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5
Q

simplest type of matter having unique properties

A

Element

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6
Q

smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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7
Q

no electrical charge

A

Neutrons

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8
Q

positive charges

A

Protons

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9
Q

negative charges

A

Electrons

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10
Q

formed by protons and neutrons

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

where electrons are most likely to be found

A

Electron cloud

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12
Q

no of protons in each atom

A

Atomic number

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13
Q

no. of protons + no. of neutrons

A

Mass number

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14
Q

electrons are transferred or shared between atoms

A

Chemical Bonding

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15
Q

electrons are transferred

A

Ionic Bond

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16
Q

electrons are shared

A

Covalent bond

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17
Q

unequal, asymmetrical sharing of electrons

A

Polar covalent bond

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18
Q

molecules with asymmetrical
electrical charge

A

Polar molecules

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19
Q

equal sharing of electrons
between atoms

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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20
Q

molecules with symmetrical
electrical charge

A

Nonpolar molecules

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21
Q

Weak attraction between the oppositely charged regions of polar molecules

A

Hydrogen bonds

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22
Q

two or more atoms that are chemically combined

A

Molecule

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23
Q

two or more diff. types of atoms that are chemically combined

A

Compound

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24
Q

Separation of ions in an ionic compound by polar water molecules

A

Dissociation

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25
dissociated ions
Electrolytes
26
Substances interact either to form or to break chemical bonds
Chemical Reaction
27
substances that enter into a chemical reaction
Reactants
28
substances that result from the chemical reaction
Products
29
combination of reactants
Synthesis
30
breakdown of larger reactants
Decomposition
31
decomposition + synthesis
Exchange
32
synthesis reaction that occur in the body
Anabolism
33
decomposition reaction that occur in the body
Catabolism
34
anabolic + catabolic reactions in the body
Metabolism
35
Reactants can form products, products can form reactants
Reversible Reaction
36
capacity to do work
Energy
37
stored energy
Potential Energy
38
energy caused by movement
Kinetic Energy
39
form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Chemical Energy
40
Rates that affects chemical reactions
1. Reactants 2. Concentration 3. Temperature 4. Catalysts (increases the rate of chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed or depleted)
41
proton donor
Acid
42
proton acceptor
Base
43
equal no. of H+ and OH-; pH of 7.0
Neutral
44
pH less than 7.0
Acidic
45
pH greater than 7.0
Base
46
normal pH range of blood
7.35 – 7.45
47
What do you call it when blood pH drops below 7.35
Acidosis
48
What do you call it when blood pH rises above 7.45
Alkalosis
49
Forms when an acid reacts with a base
Salts
50
Chemicals that resist changes in pH
Buffer
51
They do not contain Carbon
Inorganic Molecules
52
involved with the extraction of energy from food molecules
Oxygen
53
by-product of the breakdown of food molecules
Carbon Dioxide
54
1. Stabilizing body temperature. 2. Protection; lubricant/cushion. 3. Facilitating chemical reactions. 4. Transporting substances
Water
55
Carbon containing
Organic Molecules
56
CHO
Carbohydrates
57
smallest carbohydrates; simple sugars
Monosaccharides
58
Blood sugar
Glucose
59
Fruit sugar
Fructose
60
2 monosaccharides
Disaccharides
61
Table Sugar
Sucrose
62
many monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
63
Animal starch (Plant starch and cellulose)
Glycogen
64
- Substances that dissolve in non polar solvents - CHO + P + N
Lipids
65
important energy-storage molecules; pad and insulate the body
Fats
66
building blocks of fats
Glycerol & Fatty Acids
67
most common type of fat molecules
Triglycerides
68
single covalent bond; beef, pork, whole milk, cheese, butter, eggs, coconut oil, palm oil
Saturated Fatty Acid
69
one of more double covalent bonds
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
70
double covalent bonds bet. carbon; olive and peanut oil
Mono-unsaturated fats
71
two or more double covalent bonds; safflower, sunflower, corn, fish oils
Polyunsaturated fats
72
unsaturated fats that have been altered by addition of H atoms
Trans fats
73
phosphorus containing molecules
Phospholipids
74
water loving; polar end of molecules are attracted to water
Hydrophilic
75
water fearing; non polar end is repelled by water
Hydrophobic
76
important chemicals derived form fatty acids; important regulatory molecules
Eicosanoids
77
regulates secretion of hormones, blood clotting, and some reproductive functions
Prostaglandins
78
carbon atoms in four ring-like structures
Steroids
79
important steroid bcos steroid molecules are synthesized from it; important component of cell membranes
Cholesterol
80
- CHON + S - Regulate chemical reactions - Serve as structural components - Cause muscle contraction
Proteins
81
building blocks of proteins; amine group + carboxyl group; 20 basic types: 12 simple org. molecules + 8 obtained in diet
Amino acids
82
change in shape caused by abnormally high temp. or change in pH
Denaturation
83
protein catalysts; lower the activation energy
Enzymes
84
energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Activation energy
85
the shapes of an enzyme and those of the reactant allow the enzymes to bind easily to the reactants
Lock-and-key model
86
genetic material of cells
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
87
It plays an important role in gene expression/protein synthesis
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
88
large molecules composed of CHONP
Nucleic acid
89
basic building clocks of DNA + RNA
Nucleotides
90
- Important organic molecule - Energy currency of cells - Stores and provides energy
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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