Chemical Basis of life Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
How many elements are present in the living out of 92
A
25
2
Q
What are the percentages of the given elements orderly
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon
3. Hydrogen
4 .Nitrogen
5. Others
A
- 65%
- 18%
- 10%
- 3%
- 4%
2
Q
What are known as organic compounds ?
A
Compounds which contain carbon are known as organic compounds.
2
Q
What are inorganic compounds?
A
Compounds which do not contain carbon are known as inorganic compounds
2
Q
What are some inorganic compounds which contain carbon?
A
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbonates
Bicarbonates
2
Q
What are some bio molecules?
A
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
2
Q
What are known as bio molecules?
A
Organic compounds which build up the living body or living matter are known as bio molecules
2
Q
What are some inorganic molecules which are essential for the maintenance of life?
A
Water
Minerals
Gases
3
Q
Name some foods which contain carbohydrates?
A
Potato, sweet potato, grains, sugar, flour
3
Q
What is the most abundant organic compound on earth?
A
Carbohydrates
4
Q
What is the main elemental composition of Carbohydrate
A
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
5
Q
What is the common molecular formula of carbohydrate
A
Cx ( H2O ) y
6
Q
State the classification of carbohydrate
A
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
7
Q
What is the structural unit of carbohydrates
A
Monosaccharide
8
Q
What is also known as simple sugars?
A
Monosaccharide
9
Q
What are some features of monosaccharides
A
They are crystal-shaped, generally sweet and water-soluble molecules
10
Q
What are the examples of monosaccharides
A
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
11
Q
What are the locations in which glucose is present ?
A
Ripen fruits and bee honey
12
Q
What are the locations in which fructose is present?
A
Ripen fruits
Bee honey
Pumpkin
Carrots
13
Q
What is the location in which galactose is present?
A
Dairy products
14
Q
What is the end product of hydrolysis of all starchy food?
A
Glucose
15
Q
What is the monosaccharide produced by plants during photosynthesis?
A
Glucose
15
Q
Due to which monosaccharide energy is released during breakdown in cellular respiration?
A
Glucose
16
Q
What is also known as fruit sugar?
A
Fructose
17
Describe an instance where fructose is formed?
During ripening of fruits
18
Explain how a disaccharide is formed
Two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide
18
What is the end product during the hydrolysis of lactose?
Galactose
18
What is the monosaccharide with no sweet taste?
Galactose
18
What is the sweetest sugar?
Fructose
19
What are the examples for disaccharides?
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
20
Name a location where maltose is present
germinating seeds
21
What is glucose+glucose
Maltose+H2O
21
Name the locations where sucrose is present
White and brown sugar
Sugar cane and beet
Some fruits
Phloem sap in trees
21
What is an intermediate product of starch hydrolysis?
Maltose
22
Where is lactose found?
In dairy products
22
Glucose+ Fructose = ?
Sucrose+ water
23
Galactose+ glucose = ?
Lactose+ water
24
What is the only sugar which is absent in plants?
Lactose
25
What is the percentage of lactose in cow's milk and human milk orderly
cow = 4% - 6%
human = 6% - 7%
25
What are two features of disaccharides
They are sweet water-soluble crystals
25
Explain how a polysaccharide is formed
Polymerization of a large number of monosaccharides forms a polysaccharide molecule
26
What are two features of polysaccharides
They are insoluble in water and they are not crystals
27
What are the three types of polysaccharides?
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
28
Name a location where cellulose is present?
Cell wall of plant cells and in fibres
29
What is an advantage of consuming cellulose?
Helps to avoid constipation
30
Name some foods in which starch is present?
Grains, yams, jak, Bread fruit
30
What is the type of carbohydrate that stores in plant?
Cellulose
31
Name a location in which glycogen is present?
Animal liver and muscles
32
What is the type of carbohydrate which is stored in animal body?
Glycogen
33
State 3 significance of carbohydrates
As an energy source
As a storage compound
As a structural component in plant cell wall
34
Explain the starch test
Small amount of starch is obtained and ground well with water. A drop of iodine solution is added. The observation will result in a purplish blue colour.
34
What is the test for glucose
A solution of glucose is obtained into a test tube. Few drops of benedict solution is added and immersed in a water bath. Colour change will be observed as
Blue- Green- green yellow- orange- Brick red precipitate
34
Describe the sucrose test
Few drops of diluted sulphuric acid is added to a freshly prepared sugar solution is heated. It is immersed in hot water bath and heated. Then few drops of benedict solution is added to it. Color change will be as
Blue- green- green yellow- orange- brick red precipitate
35
What are the constituents of proteins?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
36
What is the percentage of proteins in human body?
17%
37
What is protein?
Protein is a complex molecule made up of polymerized amino acids
38
What is the simplest amino acid?
Glycine
38
What is the protein present in
muscles
bones
R.B.C
hairs
Leguminous food
wheat
egg white
Myosin, actin
Osein
haemoglobin
Keratin
Legumin
Gluten
albumin
38
what are the significance of proteins?
As an energy source
To make structural components
39
What are some foods rich in protein?
Meat, fish, eggwhite, cereal
40
What are three types of proteins?
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies
41
What is the test used to identify proteins? explain.
Biurette test
An eggwhite or protein based solution is obtained into a test tube. Sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate is added into it. The solution will turn purple.
41
What are enzymes?
The special proteins (organic catalysts) that are produced within the body to increase the rate of biochemical reaction are known as enzymes.
42
give the observation for activity of amylase on starch.
Starch gives a black colour with iodine but does not change colour with iodine after 20 minutes as there is no starch. This is because starch is converted to maltose by the amylase enzyme.
43
What are lipids?
Lipids which are in at solid state at room temperature are fats and liquids are oils.
43
What are the constituents of lipids?
Carbon
hydrogen
Oxygen
43
What are some features of lipids?
Lipids contain much less oxygen than carbohydrates. Lipids are insoluble in polar solvents including water. They are soluble in organic solvents.
43
What are some examples for foods that contain lipids?
Ground nut, coconut, gingelly, butter and margarine.
44
What is the formula of lipids?
Fatty acids+ glycerol= Lipids+ water
45
What are some significance of lipids?
As an energy source
To form different structural components
( phospholipids and cholesterol )
For conservation of water
45
What is cutin?
The wax known as cutin present on the surface of the plant body conserves water
45
Describe Sudan 3 test
Some amount of gingelly oil or coconut oil is added into a test tube. Sudan 3 reagent is added into it. Appearance of red fat globules can be observed.
45
Fatty acids can be divided into 2. What are they?
Saturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids
45
What are saturated fatty acids?
Fatty acids which contain only single bonds within carbon atoms are called saturated fatty acids.
46
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
Fatty acids which contain one or several double bonds within carbon atoms are called unsaturated fatty acids.
47
What are the constituents of proteins?
Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
48
What are the components of nucleic acids?
Phosphate
Pentose sugar group
Nitrogenous base
49
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
RNA - Ribo Nucleic Acid
DNA - Deoxy Ribo Nucleic Acid
50
What is the main function of DNA?
Transferring genetic characteristics from generation to generation
51
What is the main function of RNA?
Protein synthesis
51
What are the 3 significances of nucleic acids?
Important in storage of genetic information of organisms
Important in transferring genetic information from generation to generation
Important in protein synthesis
52
What are the bio-molecules present in nucleic acids?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
53
What is the proportion of water in body mass percentage?
2/3rd
54
What are some specific properties of water?
A good solvent
A coolant
High cohesive and adhesive force
Differential expansion in freezing
55
How does the coolant property of water contribute to the maintenance of life?
Due to the high specific heat capacity the body temperature does not fluctuate quickly with changes in the environment
55
How does the solvent property contribute for the maintenance of life?
Provides a medium for biochemical reactions in cell
The main constituent in extracellular fluids
Facilitates removal of excretory material in animals
Important in the respiration of aquatic organisms
56
How does the high cohesive and adhesive force of water contribute to the maintenance of life?
Helps to transport nutrients, vitamins and hormones to relevant locations.
transports water to the upper part of plants
56
How does the differential expansion in freezing contribute to the maintenance of life?
When ice is formed it comes to the top layers of water keeping water as it is in the bottom.
57
What are trace elements?
Elements needed in small amounts
57
What are macro elements?
The elements needed in higher amounts
57
What are the functions of sodium?
Activates enzymes
Constituent of digestive juice
To maintain constant osmotic pressure in cells
57
What percentage of the body weight is by minerals?
7%
57
What are the functions of potassium in human body?
Controls the ionic balance of the fluid in the cell
For the activities of the heart and muscle
Transmission of nerve impulses
57
What are the deficiency symptoms of potassium?
Weakening of muscles
Psychological disorders
58
What are the deficiency symptoms of sodium?
Respiratory disorders
Cramps
Nausea
Diarrhoea
58
What are the functions of magnesium?
Constituent of bones and teeth
To control nerve activity in skeletal muscles
59
What are the deficiency symptoms of Magnesium?
High heartbeat
Nerve irritability
59
What are the functions of Calcium?
Growth of bones and teeth
Blood clotting
Proper function of nerves
60
What are the deficiency symptoms of calcium
Weakening of bones and teeth
Growth disorders
Osteoporosis
61
What are the functions of phosphorous?
Growth of bones and teeth
As a constituent of nucleic acids
For carbohydrate and fat metabolism
62
