chemical basis of life Flashcards by danielle mcgee

smallest unit of matter that can be broken down

atom

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group of atoms that form the smallest unit of a substance

molecule

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speeds up chemical reaction rate

catalyst

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lowers activation energy

enzymes

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suffix- ase

enzymes

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anions

negative

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cations

positive

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large molecule

macromolecule

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matter that is made of only one type of atom

ex: oxygen

element

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shows what happens in a chemical reaction

ex: Na+ci > Naci

chemical equation

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a charged particle; has a different # of electrons than protons (Nat)

ion

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study of matter and the changes it goes through

chemistry

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substance composed of atoms of two or more elements (example: C6H12O6)

compound

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component in smaller amount

solute

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component in larger amount

solvent

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ability to dissolve in water

soluble

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is a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer

monomer

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chain shaped chemical compound or mixture of compounds (ex: polypeptides)

polymer

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negatively charged particles

electron

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positively charged particles

protons

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neutral particle

neutron

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if an element’s outer electron level (valence) is full it is a STABLE atom. the fewer electrons on the outer level, the more unstable

stability

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atoms gain energy by electrons moving to higher energy level. Atoms want to be stable and fill outer levels by bonding with other atoms

energy loss + gain

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level 1 holds 2 electrons
level 2 holds 8 electrons
level 3 holds 8 electrons

electron orbitals

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CHO

carb

CHON

protein

CHONP

Nucleic acids

1:2:1 ratio stores energy cellulose, glycogen, chitin

carbs

serves as enzymes | insulin

protein

stored genetic info | DNA, RNA

nucleic acid

fatty acids | fat, oil

lipids

contains both carbon and hydrogen (biomolecule)

organic compounds

saturated fats are solids at room temp and used for energy + insulation, while unsaturated fats are liquids at room temp. polyunsaturated fats are found in plant and animal foods such as salmon, vegetable oils, some nuts and seeds. polyunsaturated fats can be beneficial to your health by lowering cholestorol

lipids

small molecules are made into larger ones (water is released)

condensation

large molecules are broken down into smaller ones (water is added)

hydrolysis

organic molecule made of NUCLEOTIDES

DNA

developed first DNA model

Watson and Crick

negative, energy, outside nucleus

electron

positive, inside nucleus

proton

neutral, inside nucleus

neutron

CHON

elements of life

opposites attract, transfers electrons, NaCi

ionic bonds

sharing electrons, organic compounds

covalent bonds

weak bonds

hydrogen bonds

bonds proteins

peptide bonds

no C and H cant have both

inorganic bonds

has both C and H

organic (biomolecule)

monosaccharides, CHO,. stores energy, cellulose and glycogen

carbs

suger, makes up carbohydrates

monosaccharides

amino acids, CHON, body structures, enzymes

protiens

fatty acids and glycerols, CHO, store energy,fats and oils

lipids

nucleotides, CHONP, genetic data, DNA and RNA

nucleic acids

causes chemical reactions, Protein catalyst, works with substrate

enzymes

affects chemical reactions rates

temperature and PH

measures acids and bases, affects growth of organisms, measures H+ concentration

more H+, less OH

the stronger the acid

less H+, more OH

the stronger the base

neutralizes substances

buffers

charged particles, Na+ and CI- are the examples of

ions

code of life, made of nucleotides, double helix, composed of deoxyribose sugar

DNA

developed the 1st DNA model

watson and crick

goes with thymine in DNA

Adenine

goes with cytosine

guamine

aids in protein production, single stranded, takes codes from DNA, has ribose sugar

RNA

organic molecule composed of nucleotides

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

ATTCGCCTA-TAAGCGGAT

DNA

double helix

DNA

helper of DNA

RNA

aids in protein production by taking messages from DNA

RNA

make up cell structures and enzymes

Potein

ribonucleic acid

RNA

adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

RNA

ATTGGCTAG-UAACCGAUC

RNA

- Doxyribose - A-T - double helix

DNA

- Ribose - A-U - Single stranded

RNA

DNA to RNA to

Protein

DNA to RNA

transcribtion

RNA to DNA

translation

chemical basis of life Flashcards

(79 cards)