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Biology > Chemical basis of life pt 2 > Flashcards

Chemical basis of life pt 2 Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four most common elements in the living body?

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

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2
Q

What are the essential elements for the survival of organisms besides the four most common elements?

A

Sulphur, Phosphorous, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Chlorine

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3
Q

Chemical compounds that contain Carbon are known as _______.

A

organic compounds

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4
Q

Chemical compounds that do not contain Carbon are known as _______.

A

inorganic compounds

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5
Q

What are the four types of biological molecules?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids
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6
Q

What is the main elemental composition of carbohydrates?

A

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)

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7
Q

What is the common molecular formula for carbohydrates?

A

Cx(H2O)y

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8
Q

What is formed when two monosaccharides join together?

A

Disaccharide

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9
Q

What happens during the formation of a disaccharide?

A

A water molecule is released

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10
Q

Name an example of a disaccharide.

A
  • Maltose
  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
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11
Q

What are polysaccharides formed from?

A

Polymerisation of a large number of monosaccharides

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12
Q

What is the structural unit of Cellulose, Starch, and Glycogen?

A

Glucose

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13
Q

What test can be conducted to identify starch?

A

Add iodine solution to the food sample

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14
Q

What color indicates the presence of starch in the iodine test?

A

Purplish blue color

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15
Q

What percentage of the mature human body is composed of proteins?

A

17%

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16
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Polymerized amino acid molecules

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17
Q

What is the simplest amino acid?

A

Glycine

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18
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized within the body and must be obtained from food

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19
Q

What is the significance of proteins in the body?

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A
  • Energy source
  • Structural components
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies
20
Q

What test is used to identify proteins?

21
Q

What do lipids contain as constituent elements?

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A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

22
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fatty acids where the Carbon atom contains the maximum number of Hydrogen atoms

23
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

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A

Fatty acids where the Carbon atom does not contain the maximum number of Hydrogen atoms

24
Q

What is the most important molecule in living matter from a genetic aspect?

25
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
* DNA (Deoxy ribonucleic Acid) * RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
26
What is the function of RNA?
Protein synthesis
27
What is the significance of nucleic acids?
* Storage of genetic information * Transferring genetic information * Protein synthesis * Controlling cellular activities
28
What is the observation in the test to identify water as a constituent in food?
Blue colored Anhydrous cobalt chloride turns pink
29
What happens when you heat plant leaves, fish, or rice in crucibles?
Carbon is produced as a residue
30
What color does anhydrous cobalt chloride turn when it comes in contact with water?
Pink ## Footnote This indicates the presence of water.
31
What is the primary purpose of the experiment involving the identification of Carbon (C) in bio-molecules?
To confirm the presence of Carbon in the food used in the experiment ## Footnote Lines drawn due to coal on white paper confirm the presence of Carbon.
32
What observation indicates the presence of Nitrogen (N) in bio-molecules?
Purple color appears in the solution ## Footnote This occurs after adding sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate to fish extraction and egg white.
33
What proportion of body mass in living organisms is composed of water?
2/3rd ## Footnote Water is an essential medium for maintaining living matter.
34
What is one specific property of water and its contribution to life?
A good solvent: Provides a medium for biochemical reactions in cells ## Footnote This property is essential for cellular processes.
35
What are the two classifications of minerals based on the amount needed by the body?
Macro elements and trace elements ## Footnote Macro elements are needed in higher amounts, while trace elements are needed in small amounts.
36
Which mineral is primarily responsible for controlling the ionic balance of fluids in cells?
Potassium ## Footnote Deficiency can lead to weakening of muscles and psychological disorders.
37
What is the role of Calcium in the human body?
Growth of bones & teeth, blood clotting, proper function of nerves ## Footnote Deficiency can cause rickets and weakening of bones.
38
What are the two groups of vitamins based on solubility?
Water-soluble (B & C) and fat-soluble (A, D, E, & K) ## Footnote This classification affects their absorption and function in the body.
39
What is a deficiency symptom of Vitamin A?
Night blindness ## Footnote Vitamin A is important for eye vision.
40
What vitamin is crucial for blood clotting?
Vitamin K ## Footnote Deficiency can delay blood clotting.
41
What is the main substance that forms living bodies?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids & nucleic acids ## Footnote These are known as biological molecules.
42
Fill in the blank: The proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions are called _______.
Enzymes ## Footnote Enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic processes.
43
True or False: Inorganic compounds such as water and mineral salts do not play a role in living systems.
False ## Footnote Inorganic compounds are essential for various life processes.
44
What are the symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency?
Weakening of gums, internal bleeding, delays recovery from diseases ## Footnote Vitamin C is important for skin health and collagen synthesis.
45
What are the deficiency symptoms associated with Iron?
Anaemia, sleepiness, weakness in psychological development ## Footnote Iron is crucial for the synthesis of hemoglobin.
46
List three specific features of water.
* A good solvent * High specific heat capacity * Density higher than ice ## Footnote These features are vital for maintaining life.
47
What are the deficiency symptoms of Phosphorous?
Weakening of bones and become fragile ## Footnote Phosphorous is essential for energy metabolism and bone health.

Biology (2 decks)

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