Chemical Bonding

Question 1

Hypovalent elements

Answer 1

Be, B, Al

Question 2

Hypervalent elements

Answer 2

(More than octet)
P S Cl
As Se Br

Question 3

VSEPR Theory made by

Answer 3

Nylholm and Gillespie

Question 4

Order of bond pairs / lone pairs

Answer 4

LP—LP > BP—LP > BP—BP
most least

Question 5

If outer atoms are more EN, bond angle will

Answer 5

Decrease

Question 6

Linear sp (180º) examples

Answer 6

BeCl2, CO2, HgCl2, CS2, NO2+

Question 7

Bent angular (120º) sp2 examples

Answer 7

SO2, NO2, O3, SnCl2, GeCl2

Question 8

Bent/ V-shape (104-109º) sp3 examples

Answer 8

H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te
F2O, Cl2O, Br2O, I2O

Question 9

Trigonal planar

Answer 9

AB3 120º sp2

Question 10

Trigonal planar examples

Answer 10

AlCl3, BrF3, SO3, CH3+, CO3 2-, NO3-

Question 11

Trigonal pyramidal

Answer 11

AB3 (107-109º) sp3

Question 12

Trigonal pyramidal examples

Answer 12

NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3, H3O+

Question 13

Tetrahedral

Answer 13

AB4 (109º) sp3

Question 14

Tetrahedral examples

Answer 14

CH4, SiH4, PbH4, CCl4, SiCl4, GeCl4, SO4 -2, PO4 -3

Question 15

AB5 AB6 AB7 AB8

Answer 15

AB5 = Trigonal bipyramidal (e.g. PCl5)
AB6 = Square planar bipyramidal (e.g. SF6, SeCl6)
AB7 = Pentagonal bipyramidal (e.g. IF7)
AB8 = Hexagonal bipyramidal

Question 16

s—s bond has
p—p bond has

Answer 16

s—s bond has free rotation
p—p bond has limited rotation

Question 17

bonds strength order

Answer 17

s—s > s—p > p—p

Question 18

Saturated hydrocarbons are ___ hybridized

Answer 18

sp3

Question 19

C=C bond length

Answer 19

1.34 Aº

Question 20

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are ___ hybridized

Answer 20

sp2

Question 21

As s character increases EN ______

Answer 21

Increases

Question 22

C—C bond length

Answer 22

1.54 Aº

Question 23

Bond length _______ across the period and up the group

Answer 23

Decreases

Question 24

Bond length proportional to

Answer 24

1/EN

Question 25

Benzene bond lengths

Answer 25

1.39 Aº

Question 26

Cation size _____ across the group Anion size ______ across the group

Answer 26

Cation decreases Anion decreases (but anions are bigger than cations)

Question 27

Covalent radii =

Answer 27

Bond length / 2

Question 28

Highest bond energy molecule

Answer 28

HF

Question 29

1 mol of H2 has how much ∆H

Answer 29

436 kJ/mol

Question 30

BE is proportional to

Answer 30

EN

Question 31

BE order

Answer 31

C (triplebond) O > C=O > C—O

Question 32

1Aº = ____ cm / _____ m

Answer 32

10^-8 cm 10^-10 m

Question 33

1D = _______ esu cm 1D = ________ SI Unit

Answer 33

10^18 esu cm 3.34 x 10^-30 Cm (SI unit)

Question 34

Symmetrical = Polar/Non-polar Assymetrical Polar/Non-polar

Answer 34

Symmetrical = Non-polar Assymetrical = Polar

Question 35

Order of reactivity of polar etc

Answer 35

Ionic > Polar > Non-polar

Question 36

Non-polar geometries

Answer 36

Trigonal planar and CH4 and CCl4

Question 37

Primary amines more or less polar than ammonia

Answer 37

Primary amines are more polar

Question 38

Cis alkene = Polar/Non-polar Trans alkene = Polar/Non-polar

Answer 38

Cis = Polar Trans = Non-polar

Question 39

Ionic character % =

Answer 39

(µobserved / µionic) x 100

Question 40

Ionic = directional or non directional

Answer 40

Non directional (ioNic = NoN)