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Honors Chem > Chemical Bonding > Flashcards

Chemical Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

alloy

A

A mixture of metals that acts like a metallic bond

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2
Q

anion

A

negatively charged particle

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3
Q

cation

A

positively charged particle

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4
Q

chemical bond

A

a force that holds atoms together in a compound

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5
Q

conductivity

A

The ability to allow heat or electricity to pass through an object

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6
Q

covalent bond

A

A chemical bond created by the sharing of electrons

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7
Q

ductility

A

the ability to be drawn into a wire

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8
Q

Elctronegatjvity

A

an atoms ability to attract electrons

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9
Q

ion

A

a charged particle

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10
Q

ionic bond

A

a chemical bond created by the attraction between cations and anions whew electrons are exchanged

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11
Q

luster

A

shininess

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12
Q

malleability

A

ability to change shape without breaking

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13
Q

metallic bond

A

a chemical bond formed when the sea of de localized electrons flows between metal atoms

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14
Q

oxidation number

A

the charge an Tom has when it becomes an ion

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15
Q

polar covalent bond

A

a covalent bond where electrons are not shared equally

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16
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

an ion contacting multiple atoms covalent,y bonded

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17
Q

salt

A

common name for ionic compounds

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18
Q

Lewis dot structure

A

Diagrams showing the number of paired and unpaired electrons in a compound

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19
Q

VSEPR model

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model

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20
Q

Compare and contrast ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding

A

Ionic-transferring electrons
Covalent-sharing electrons
Metallic-bonding with the “sea” of electrons

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21
Q

How can you tell from a chemical formula if a compound is ionic or covalent

A

Ionic- metal and non metal

Covalent- two or more nonmetal

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22
Q

List the proper iTunes of an ionic compound (salts) and describe how they form:

A

They form by transferring electrons
They have strong bonds
Crystalline structure
High melting points
Brittle
Conduct electricity in solution

23
Q

List the properties of covalent compounds (molecules) and describe how they form

A

They form from sharing electrons
They usually have weak bonds
Low melting points
Are poor conductors

24
Q

List the properties of metallic bonds and describe how they form

A

Form by bonding with the “sea” of electrons around other metals
They are lustrous
Ductile
Malleable
High melting points
Excellent conductors

25
Q

List the seven diatomic molecules and describe why they are diatomic

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

They are diatomic because they cannot exit alone in nature, so they must bond with another atom of the same element

26
Q

Linear model: 2 electron domain version
(describe and list amount of shared pairs, unshared pairs, bond angles, electron domains, and hybridization)

A

2 shared pairs
0 lone pairs
Straight line (180 degree bond angle)
2 electron domains
Hybridization: sp

27
Q

Linear model: 1 electron domain version
(describe and list amount of shared pairs, unshared pairs, bond angles, electron domains, and hybridization)

A

1 shared pairs
0 lone pairs
Straight line (180 degree bond angle)
1 electron domains
Hybridization: s

Example: H2

28
Q

Trigonal Planar :
(describe and list amount of shared pairs, unshared pairs, bond angles, electron domains, and hybridization)

A

3 shared pairs
0 lone pairs
(120 degree bond angle)
3 electron domains
Hybridization: sp2

29
Q

Bent model: 3 electron domain version
(describe and list amount of shared pairs, unshared pairs, bond angles, electron domains, and hybridization)

A

2 shared pairs
1 lone pairs
(<120 degree bond angle)
3 electron domains
Hybridization: sp2
Electron geo: trigonal planar
Molecular shape: bent

30
Q

Tetrahedral model
(describe and list amount of shared pairs, unshared pairs, bond angles, electron domains, and hybridization)

A

4 shared pairs
0 lone pairs
(109.5 degree bond angle)
4 electron domains
Hybridization: sp3

31
Q

Trigonal Pyramidal
(describe and list amount of shared pairs, unshared pairs, bond angles, electron domains, and hybridization)

A

3 shared pairs
1 lone pairs
(<109.5 degree bond angle)
4 electron domains
Hybridization: sp3
Molecular shape: trigonal pyramidal
Electron geo: tetrahedral

32
Q

Bent: 4 electron domain version
(describe and list amount of shared pairs, unshared pairs, bond angles, electron domains, and hybridization)

A

2 shared pairs
2 lone pairs
(<109.5 degree bond angle)
4 electron domains
Hybridization: sp3
Molecular shape:bent
Electron geo: tetrahedral

33
Q

Name the following compounds Li3N

A

Lithium Nitride

34
Q

K3PO4

A

Potassium Phosphate

35
Q

NiCl3

A

Nickel (III) Chloride

36
Q

P4S5

A

Tetraphosphrous pentasulfide

37
Q

Si2Br6

A

Disilicon hexabromide

38
Q

Explain why storms seek out other atoms for chemical bonding

A

To achieve electron stability (full valence energy level), like the Noble gases

39
Q

Compare and contrast single, double, and triple bonds

A

Single bonds: co brain one shared pair of electrons, are weak, and are the greatest in length (all sigma bonds)

40
Q

Double bonds

A

Contain 2 shared pairs of electrons and have a strength and length between single and triple bonds
(1 sigma bond, 1 Pi bond)

41
Q

Triple bonds

A

Continue 3 shared pairs of electrons, are very strong, and ate te shortest in length
(1 sigma bond, 2 pi bonds)

42
Q

Which of te 7 diatomic molecules contains the strongest bonds? How do you know?

A

N2, because it contains triple bonds

43
Q

What is the electronegativity difference range for a nonpolar covalent

A

0 or very close to 0

44
Q

What is the electronegativity difference range for a slightly polar covalent

A

0-0.4

45
Q

What is the electronegativity difference range for a definitely polar covalent

A

0.5-2.1

46
Q

What is the electronegativity difference range for an ionic

A

Anything > 2.1

47
Q

True or false, A bond in which the elctronegatvity difference is less than 1.9 is considered to be mostly covalent in charchter

A

True

48
Q

A ____________ covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the doing electrons are shared equally between te two atoms

A

Nonpolar

49
Q

A _________ covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons and so the sharing is unequals (don’t cancel)

A

Polar

50
Q

Describe the process for writing a chemical formula for an ionic bond

A

Find the oxidation number for each ion
Criss cross the oxidation numbers
Reduce if necessary

51
Q

What do you have to do with Polyatomic ions when surging their chemical formulas

A

Put them in paranethesis and do not chnage their subscripts or names

52
Q

What must your do to the end of an element snake when it is the second element in a compound

A

Chnage it to -ide

53
Q

Which lame ents require the Roman numerals in paranethese for making them? And what do they represent?

A

Transition mental, represents oxidation number

54
Q

What types of bonds require prefixes for naming the compound?

A

Covalent only

Honors Chem (6 decks)

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