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Chemistry - 11.0 > Chemical Bonding > Flashcards

Chemical Bonding Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

The force of attraction that holds together atoms, molecules, or ions within a chemical species.

It is always an exothermic process.

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2
Q

List the types of Van der Waals Forces.

A

*Dipole–Dipole (Keesom)
* Dipole–Induced Dipole (Debye)
* Instantaneous Dipole–Induced Dipole (London)
* Ion–Dipole
* Ion–Induced Dipole

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3
Q

What are the two types of hydrogen bonding?

A

Intermolecular and intramolecular.

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4
Q

What are the strong chemical bonds?

A

Ionic
Covalent
Coordinate
Metallic

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5
Q

What is the relative strength of Van der Waals forces?

A

~8 kJ/mol

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6
Q

What is the relative strength of hydrogen bonds?

A

~42 kJ/mol

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7
Q

List the properties of ionic compounds.

A
  • Hard, solid, brittle
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Non-directional
  • Do not show stereoisomerism
  • Show isomorphism
  • Conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state
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8
Q

What is the relationship between ionic conduction and ionic radius?

A

Ionic conduction ∝ 1 / ionic radius.

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9
Q

Which ionic compound has the highest conductance in dry state?

A

LiCl

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10
Q

What is the hydrated radius comparison between Cs⁺ and Li⁺(aq)?

A

Cs⁺ «< Li⁺(aq)

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11
Q

What geometry does sp hybridisation give?

A

Linear geometry.

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12
Q

What geometry does sp² hybridisation give?

A

Triangular planar geometry.

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13
Q

What geometry does sp³ hybridisation give?

A

Tetrahedral geometry.

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14
Q

What geometry does sp³d hybridisation give?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

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15
Q

What geometry does sp³d² hybridisation give?

A

Octahedral geometry.

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16
Q

What molecular shape do BeF₂ and CO₂ have?

A

Linear shape.

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17
Q

What molecular shape do BF₃ and AlCl₃ have?

A

Trigonal planar shape.

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18
Q

What shapes do NO₂⁻, SO₂, and O₃ have?

A

Bent/V-shape.

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19
Q

What molecular shape do CH₄, NH₄⁺, and CCl₄ have?

A

Tetrahedral shape.

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20
Q

What shape does NH₃ have?

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A

Pyramidal shape.

21
Q

What shape does H₂O have?

22
Q

What shape do PCl₅ and AsF₅ have?

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A

Trigonal bipyramidal shape.

23
Q

What molecular shape does SF₄ have?

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A

See-saw shape.

24
Q

What shapes do ClF₃ and ICl₃ have?

25
What shape do XeF₂ and I₃⁻ have?
Linear shape.
26
What shape do SF₆ and PCl₆⁻ have?
Octahedral shape.
27
What shape does XeOF₄ have?
Square pyramidal shape.
28
What shape does XeF₄ have?
Square planar shape.
29
What shape does IF₇ have?
Pentagonal bipyramidal shape.
30
What shape does XeF₆ have?
Distorted octahedral shape.
31
What shape does XeF₅⁻ have?
Pentagonal planar shape.
32
What is the formula for bond order?
BO = 1/2 [Number of bonding electrons - Number of antibonding electrons].
33
What is the MO energy order for molecules with ≤14 electrons?
σ1s < σ1s < σ2s < σ2s < π2px = π2py < σ2pz < π2px = π2py < σ*2pz
34
What is the MO energy order for molecules with >14 electrons?
σ1s < σ1s < σ2s < σ2s < σ2pz < π2px = π2py < π2px = π2py < σ*2pz
35
What hybridisation does PCl₄⁺ have?
sp³ hybridisation.
36
What hybridisation does PCl₆⁻ have?
sp³d².
37
What hybridisation does NO₂⁺ have?
sp hybridisation.
38
What hybridisation does NO₃⁻ have?
sp².
39
What type of interaction is very strong and varies as r⁻¹?
Ion–Ion interaction.
40
How strong are covalent bonds?
140–523 kJ/mol.
41
What do ion–dipole forces vary as?
r⁻².
42
What is the strength range of hydrogen bonds?
10–100 kJ/mol.
43
What are London dispersion forces?
Very weak forces (0.05–20 kJ/mol) that vary as r⁻⁶.
44
What is the hybridisation and shape of NO₂?
sp² hybridisation, V-shape.
45
What is the hybridisation and shape of ClO₂?
sp² hybridisation, V-shape.
46
What is the hybridisation and shape of ClO₃?
sp³ hybridisation, pyramidal shape.
47
What is the hybridisation and shape of CH₃?
sp² hybridisation, trigonal planar shape.
48
What is the hybridisation and shape of •CH₃?
sp³ hybridisation, pyramidal shape.

Chemistry - 11.0 (2 decks)

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