Chemical Calculations Flashcards by Sebastian Mukherjee

What are Ionic Compounds?

Ionic Compounds are formed from metal and non-metal ions.

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How are Ionic Compounds formed?

Ionic compounds are formed when a metal ion and a non-metal ion ionically bond, where the metal loses its electron and the non-metal gains this electron. Because of the loss and gain of electrons, the metal ion is now a positively charged ion, and the non-metal is negatively charged, and these opposite charges are strongly attracted to each other, (ELECTROSTATIC FORCES), forming Ionic Bonds.

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Why do atoms bond?

Atoms bond to form a FULL OUTER SHELL

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Which ion has a positive charge?

METAL, because it LOSES an ELECTRON

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Which ion has a negative charge?

NON-METAL, because it GAINS an ELECTRON

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What is the overall charge of the Ions in ionic bonding?

The overall charge is NEUTRAL, because the positives and negative charges cancel each other out

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What is the charge of atoms BEFORE IONIC bonding?

All atoms are NEUTRAL before IONIC BONDING

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What charge of Ions do group 1 and group 2 atoms give?

+1 and +2 charges respectively, because they are METALS and LOSE their electrons

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What does the roman numeral next to a transition metal stand for?

It stands for the CHARGE of the metal, eg. Iron (III) = Fe^3+

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In what order does one name an ionic compound?

Metal, Non-metal

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Note of ionic bonding suffixes…

The suffix - IDE is used at the end of a non-metal in ionic bonding. HOWEVER, if there is OXYGEN present, the suffix turns into - ATE.

eg. Sodium Chloride - NaCl

eg 2. Potassium Sulphate- K2SO4

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What does the formula of an ionic compound tell you?

It tells you the RATIO of the ions in the COMPOUND

eg. NaCl 1:1

Because Na+ and Cl- only need 1 of each to balance the charges

eg 2. MgCl2 1:2

Because Mg2+ and Cl- requires 2 Cl to balance out the 2+ charge of Mg

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What is a subscript?

A subscript is a number used to represent more that one of the ion in the compound

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What charge will an ion in group 5 have?

-3, because it gains the electron

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Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of MAGNESIUM and CHLORINE?

Magnesium Chloride - MgCl2

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Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of COPPER (II) and OXYGEN?

Copper Oxide - CuO

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Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of IRON (II) and BROMINE?

Iron Bromide - FeBr2

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Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of LITHIUM and SULPHUR?

Lithium Sulphide - Li2S

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Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of SILVER (I) and OXYGEN?

Silver Oxide - Ag2O

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Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of IRON (III) and OXYGEN?

Iron Oxide - Fe2O3

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What is a complex ion?

An ion made up of many bonded atoms, which are in set amounts. eg. CO3^2-

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What is the formula of Lithium Carbonate?

Li2Co3 (Li+ added to CO3^2-)

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What is the formula of Calcium Hydroxide?

Ca2+ added to OH- = Ca(OH)2

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What happens when complex ions have a positive charge? eg. NH4+ (Ammonia)

It replaces the metal - eg. Ammonium Bromide (NH4BR)

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WHAT ARE THE SIX COMPLEX IONS YOU NEED TO KNOW!?

CARBONATE ION - CO3^2- HYDROXIDE ION - OH- SULPHATE ION - SO4^2- NITRATE ION - NO3- PHOSPHATE ION - PO4^3- AMMONIUM ION - NH4+

What is the formula of Magnesium Hydroxide?

Mg(OH)2

What is the formula of Copper (II) Sulphate?

CuSO4

What is the formula of Lithium Phosphate?

Li3PO4

What is the formula of Sodium Carbonate?

Na2CO3

What is the formula of Silver (I) Nitrate?

AgNO3

What is the formula of Iron (III) Sulphate?

Fe2(SO4)3

What do Equations contain on either side of the equation?

Equations show the REACTANTS and the PRODUCTS

What is the product of Metal + Oxygen?

Metal Oxide

Magnesium + Oxygen = Lithium + Oxygen =

Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Lithium Oxide (Li2O)

What is the product of Metal + Water?

Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Sodium + Water = Calcium + Water =

Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen (NaOH + H2) Calcium Hydroxide + Hydrogen (Ca(OH)2 + H2)

What is the product of Metal + Halogen?

Metal halide

Sodium + Chlorine = Potassium + Iodine =

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Potassium Iodide (KI)

What is the product of Metal + Acid?

Salt + Hydrogen

Sodium + Hydrochloric Acid =

Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen (NaCl + H2)

Potassium + Sulphuric Acid =

Potassium Sulphate + Hydrogen (K2SO4 + H2)

Iron (III) + Nitric Acid =

Iron Nitrate + Hydogen (Fe(NO3)3 + H2)

Calcium + Phosphoric Acid =

Calcium Phosphate + Hydrogen (Ca3(PO4)2 + H2)

What is the product of Metal Oxide + Water?

Salt + Water

Calcium Oxide + Sulphuric Acid = Iron Oxide + Nitric Acid = Copper Oxide + Hydrochloric Acid =

Calcium Sulphate + Water (CaSO4 + H2O) Iron Nitrate (Fe2O3 + H2O) Copper Chloride (CuCl2 + H2O)

What is the product of Metal Hydroxide + Acid?

Salt + Water

Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric Acid = Potassium Hydroxide + Nitric Acid = Calcium Hydroxide + Phosphoric Acid =

Sodium Chloride + WATER (NaCl + H2O) Potassium Nitrate + WATER (KNO3 + H2O) Calcium Phosphate + WATER (Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O)

What is the product of Metal Carbonate + Acid?

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Calcium Carbonate + Sulphuric Acid = Zinc Carbonate + Phosphoric Acid =

CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 Zn3(PO4)2 + H20 + CO2

Write the balanced equation of when Calcium Carbonate reacts with Sulphuric Acid.

Calcium Carbonate + Sulphuric Acid = Calcium Sulphate + Carbon Dioxide + Water CaCO3 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + H2O + CO2

Quickfire - (Word Equations) Magnesium + Water = Copper Hydroxide + Sulphuric Acid = Iron Oxide + Nitric Acid = Zinc + Phosphoric Acid =

Magnesium Hydroxide + Hydrogen Copper Sulphate + Hydrogen Iron Nitrate + Hydrogen Zinc Phosphate + Hydrogen

What is the symbol equation for when Sodium and Nitric Acid react together?

Sodium + Nitric Acid = Sodium Nitrate + Hydrogen Na + HNO3 = NaNO3 + H2

What do Acids contain?

Hydrogen and a non-metal/Complex Ion

What ion is formed from Hydrochloric Acid?

Cl-

What ion is formed from Nitric Acid?

NO3-

What ion is formed from Sulphuric Acid?

SO4^2-

What ion is formed form Phosphoric Acid?

PO4^3-

Which group contains atoms which go around in pairs? What is this called?

Halides go around in pairs, called DIATOMIC MOLECULES.

What are state symbols?

They tell you the state of matter of each reactant and product

What are examples of the state symbols?

(S) Solid (G) Gas (L) Liquid - used for PURE substances in a MELTED form (aq) Aqueous - DISSOLVED IN WATER (it is a solution)

What is important when balancing chemical equations?

The total number of atoms must be the same on both sides of the reaction

Balance Magnesium + Oxygen

Magnesium + Water Mg + O2 = MgO 2Mg + O2 = 2MgO

Balance Methane + Oxygen in COMPLETE COMBUSTION

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

When balancing a chemical equation what order does it follow?

Metals, Complex Ions, Hydrogen, Oxygen

What is the relative formula mass of a compound?

The SUM of the RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula

What is the relative atomic mass?

The average mass of its atoms

What is the relative formula mass of Magnesium Fluoride? | Mg = 24) (F = 19

MgF2 = 62

What is the mole of something always equal to?

6.022 x 10^3 of that something

What is the avocado constant equal to?

The number of atoms in 12g of a carbon-12

What is the unit of a mole?

Mol

What is the equation for moles?

Number of Moles = Mass in grams/ relative molecular mass