Chemical Change S Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are acids
Substances that form h plus ions ( hydrogen) when dissolved in water
What are alkalis
Substances that form oh minus ions ( hydroxide ions)when dissolved in water
Acid + alkali =
Water
During reduction
Substance looses oxygen and gains electrons
During oxidation
Substances gain oxygen and loose electrons
Top 5 of the reactivity series most to least
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Top 5 least reactive of reactivity series from least to most
Platinum
Gold
Silver
Copper
Hydrogen
What type of reaction takes place in reactivity series
Displacement reaction
What happens when u react water and potassium
Metal burns with lilac flame
What happens when u react sodium with water
Fizzes and melts to form ball that moves on waters surface
What happens when u react lithium and water
Fizzes and floats until fully dissolves
3 metals of reactivity series able to react with water
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Acid + water =
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Which metals of the reactivity series react with acids
All but copper silver gold and platinum
Metal + acid =
Salt + hydrogen
How to extract a metal from metal oxide with carbon
By heating the metal oxide in the presence of carbon ( often coal) it triggers a displacement reaction as the carbon is more reactive. Therefore the metal oxide looses the oxygen and becomes a pure metal
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + co²
Acid + metal oxide
Salt + water
Acid + metal hydroxide
Salt + water
How are acids neutralised
Reacting them with bases eg metal carbonate, metal hydroxide and metal oxides
What are soluble salts
Salts that dissolve in water
How are soluble salts made
Reaction between acid and solid insoluble substance eg metal carbonat, metal hydroxide, metal oxide
What makes an acid strong or weak
Strong = fully ionises eg hydrochloric acid
Weak = partially ionises in water eg ethanol
When do neutralisation reactions happen
When an acid and alkali react
