Chemical Changes Flashcards
(32 cards)
What happens with oxidation and reduction?
They happen at the same time.
Create a pneumonic for the reactivity series.
Potatoes Scare Little Cat Magazines And Catastrphic Zebras Into Taking Lethal Hydrogen Cups of Sodium Goldidium Plants
What is the reactivity series?
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
What happens in displacement reactions?
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a solution of its salt.
How can metals less reactive that carbon be extracted from their oxides and how does this happen?
Heating with carbon. As carbon is more reactive than the metal, it will displace it and replace it as the more reactive one.
What does OILRIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electrons
What is extraction?
Extracting an element from a compound.
What are examples of extraction techniques?
Displacement reactions, electrolysis.
What happens when a substance dissolves in water?
They dissociate into their individual ions.
What ions make solutions alkaline?
hydroxide ions, OH^-(aq)
What ions make solutions acidic?
hydrogen ions, H^+(aq)
How can the pH of a solution be measured?
pH probe, universal indicator
What is the name for soluble bases?
alkalis
How are acids neutralised?
by bases
What is the product of: acid + metal hydroxide ?
salt + water
How does the reaction of an acid and a base product e water?
The H^+ ions in the acid reaction with the OH^- in the alkali (base) to produce H(2)O (water).
What can acids be neutralised by?
metal hydroxide
metal oxide
metal carbonate
List neutralisation reaction.
acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water
acid + metal oxide -> salt + water
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
How is a salt produced?
When the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by a metal ion.
How can soluble salts be made?
Through reacting acids with insoluble bases.
Describe a practical about preparing a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble oxide/carbonate.
Add metal oxide/carbonate to a warm solution of acid until it reacts no further.
Filter excess metal oxide/carbonate so only the salt remains.
Warm the salt solution until liquid evaporates and forms salt crystals.
What’s the difference between weak acids and strong acids upon entering water?
Strong acids are fully ionised; weak acids are only partially.
What is an example of a weak acid?
ethnic
What is a pH solution the measure of?
H^+ ions
