Chemical Changes And Structure #2: Periodic Table & Atomic Structure

Question 1

How are elements in the periodic table arranged?

Answer 1

In order of increasing atomic number

Question 2

What can the periodic table be used to determine?

Answer 2

Whether an element is a metal or a non-metal

Question 3

What can we do with the electron arrangement of the first 20 elements?

Answer 3

Write them

Question 4

What does an atom have?

Answer 4

A nucleus

Question 5

How many types of atom are in each element?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

What does a nucleus contain?

Answer 6

• protons and neutrons
• electrons that orbit the nucleus

Question 7

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 7

One-positive

Question 8

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 8

Neutral

Question 9

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 9

One-negative

Question 10

What is the relative weight / amu of a proton?

Answer 10

1

Question 11

What is the relative weight / amu of an electron?

Answer 11

Almost zero

Question 12

What is the relative weight / amu of a neutron?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

Where is the proton?

Answer 13

In the nucleus

Question 14

Where is the neutron?

Answer 14

In the nucleus

Question 15

Where is the electron? Why?

Answer 15

Orbiting the nucleus, it is negatively charged and so attracted to the positive nucleus - opposites attract

Question 16

What is relative weight?

Answer 16

Atomic mass (amu)

Question 17

Atomic number =

Answer 17

Number of protons , number of electrons

Question 18

Mass number =

Answer 18

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 19

How do we find the number of neutrons?

Answer 19

Mass number - atomic number

Question 20

What is the charge of the nucleus?

Answer 20

Positive, because it’s positively and neutrally charged

Question 21

What is nuclide notation used to show?

Answer 21

The atomic number, mass number (and charge) of atoms (ions) from which the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons can be determined

Question 22

What is an isotope? (test question)

Answer 22

Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but a different mass number

Question 23

Isotopes have the exact same…

Answer 23

Chemical properties as other atoms

Question 24

What does it mean that isotopes have a different mass number?

Answer 24

Of the 118 atoms, some are heavier because they have a different amount of neutrons and so different mass numbers.

Question 25

If atoms of the same element can have a different amount of neutrons, what else must be different?

Answer 25

Their mass

Question 26

How do chemists use an average mass of the atoms in an element for calculations?

Answer 26

They take into account different isotopes and their relative abundance

Question 27

What do elements in a group in the periodic table have in common?

Answer 27

Similar chemical properties

Question 28

5 Properties of alkali metals

Answer 28

- Very reactive - Soft - Stored under oil - Reaction with H20 = Alkaline solution - Reaction with oxygen = metal oxide

Question 29

4 properties of the transition metals

Answer 29

- hard and dense - less reactive - used as catalysts - form coloured compounds

Question 30

5 properties of the halogens

Answer 30

- diatomic elements - All toxic - flourine added to toothpaste to prevent decay - chlorine sterilises swimming pools - iodine treats wounds

Question 31

2 Properties of noble gases

Answer 31

- not reactive **at all** - least reactive of all the elements

Question 32

Ways to remember how to work out nuclide notation

Answer 32

Atomic number = protons = electrons Mass number = protons + neutrons Neutrons = mass number - atomic number

Question 33

What does RAM take into account?

Answer 33

Different isotopes and their relative abundance

Question 34

Why do elements in a group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 34

They have the same number of outer electrons

Question 35

How many electrons can the first energy level hold?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many electrons can the 2nd and 3rd energy levels hold?

Answer 36

8 each

Question 37

How are elements arranged in periods?

Answer 37

In order of increasing atomic number

Question 38

When are ions formed?

Answer 38

When atoms gain or lose electrons

Question 39

What happens when an atom gains an electron?

Answer 39

It becomes a negatively charged ion

Question 40

What happens when an atom loses an electron?

Answer 40

It becomes a positively charged ion

Question 41

Non metals gain electrons to become…

Answer 41

negatively charged ions

Question 42

Metals lose electrons to become…

Answer 42

Positively charged ions

Question 43

What do atoms achieve by forming ions?

Answer 43

The same arrangement as the nearest noble gas

Question 44

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 44

They have a stable outer electron arrangement

Question 45

Something to note about group 7

Answer 45

Reactive non-metals

Question 46

Something to note about Group 8

Answer 46

Un-reactive non-metals