Chemical Equations Flashcards
(27 cards)
Chemical equations
Letters-> symbols
Words -> formulas
Sentences -> equations
Acids
HCl- hydrochloric acid H(NO3)- nitric acid H(C2 H3 O2)- acetic acid H2 ( SO4) - sulfuric acid H2 (CO3) - carbonic acid H3 (PO4) - phospharic acid
Reactants
- Starting substances
- On the left
- (+)
Products
- ending substances “NEW”
- on the right
- (+)
Arrows indicate?
- the direction the reaction proceeds
- Read as: yields
Equilibrium reaction arrow type?
split
->
<-
- ** not the exact same as in notes one part of the arrow head will not be there
- **for top arrow it will miss the bottom
- ***for bottom arrow it will miss the top
Physical states of REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS
(s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aquauous—–IONS DISSOLVED IN WATER
(cr) crystalline
Example of physical state symbols affects
NaCl (s) —-salt
NaCl (aq) —-salt water
Gas formed symbol
**escape
Up arrow
Percipitate formed arrow
** solid that is no longer soluble
Down facing arrow
Word equations
Sodium metal plus chlorine gas react to produce sodium chloride
Skeleton equation
Na(s) + Cl 2(g) -> NaCl(s)
Reason for balancing equations
Law of conservation- matter cannot be created or destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction
of reactant atoms = # product atoms
**balance using coefficients
Translation of word equations
- Symbols
- Oxidation
- Add subscripts to balance charges
- Check for diatomic elements
- Balance with coefficients
- Make sure coefficients are in lowest terms
Chemical reaction
The process by which atoms of one or more beginning substances (reactants) combine, break apart, or rearrange to form NEW substances (products)
Why classify?
- To organzas the chemical reactions that occurs in daily life and in laboratories
- Knowing the type of reaction helps to reveal patterns
- Help to predict products in a new experiment
** some categories for types of reactions can overlap
Synthesis reaction
Aka direct combination or direct composition
- two or more reactants combine to form ONE PRODUCT
- general form: A + B-> AB
Specific types of synthesis
A) 2 elements
B) 2 compounds
C) 1 element and 1 compound
Decomposition
- ONE REACTANT (starting with) breaks down to TWO OR MORE PRODUCTS
***requires energy
AB-> A+ B
Decomposition arrows
Energy is heat: arrow with triangle above it….decomposition/ thermally decomp.
Energy is electricity: arrow with squiggly over it…….electrolysis
Energy with catalyst: arrow with letters of what the catalyst is
Catalyst
Speeds up the rate of reaction
Provides initial activation energy
**but does NOT become a product so you will only write the catalyst above the arrow
Specific types of decomp
Named by the poly atomic ion in reactant
**what is being broken apart
Single replacement
Aka displacement
- one element and one compound as reactants -> ONE NEW ELEMENT and ONE NEW COMPOUND
AB + C -> AC +B
Specific types of single replacement
Named for element that gets replaced
Metal replacement: check activity series pg
Hydrogen replacement: end up with h2 alone on product side
Halogen: a negative element is taking place of another negative or its product has a diatomic element alone
