Chemical Foundation of Life

Question 1

All organisms are composed of?

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Matter is made up of?

Answer 2

Elements

Question 3

Elements cannot be:

Answer 3

Broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 4

How many elements are there?

Answer 4

92, each has their own chemical symbol

Question 5

The four most common elements of living organisms?

Answer 5

CHON: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (make up 94% of life)

Question 6

What is a compound?

Answer 6

2+ elements combined in a FIXED RATIO. has emergent properties

Question 7

What are trace elements and which ones are in the human body?

Answer 7

A chemical elements present in small quantities, Boron (B), Chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), Fluorine (F), iodine (I), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (se), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn)

Question 8

Elements in the human body (name and symbol)

Answer 8

C: Carbon, H: Hydrogen, O: Oxygen, N: Nitrogen, Ca: Calcium, P: Phosphorus, K: Potassium, S: Sulfur: Na: Sodium, Cl: Chlorine, Mg: Magnesium

Question 9

What are the effects of element deficiencies?

Answer 9

Nutritional disorders, water and electrolyte abnormalities

Question 10

what are the properties of elements determined by?

Answer 10

the structure of its atoms (each element only has 1 type of atom), Chemical properties of each element are determined by the element’s electron configuration, and particularly by the number of electrons present in its outermost shell.

Question 11

T or F, each element has a certain kind of atom that is unique from the other elements

Answer 11

T

Question 12

What is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

Answer 12

An atom

Question 13

Which subatomic particles are found in the atomic nucleus?

Answer 13

P+ and N0

Question 14

what is atomic number of an element

Answer 14

of protons, unique to each element

Question 15

what is atomic mass/ mass number?

Answer 15

protons + neutrons in the nucleus

Question 16

what is the unit of mass for subatomic particles?

Answer 16

amu or dalton, proton and neutron = 1 amu, electron’s mass is negligible

Question 17

what are isotopes?

Answer 17

element with the same protons and electrons, but different amount of neutrons. they can be radioactive or non-radioactive, and share identical chemical properties, but differ in mass, therefore physical properties like mass, boiling point, density, etc…

Question 18

the physical properties of any isotope are primarily deterred by its

Answer 18

mass