Chemical Level Of Organization

Question 1

What does an atom consist of?

Answer 1

nucleus (protons and neutrons) and electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Question 2

What is an atoms charge?

Answer 2

Neutral.

Question 3

what does an atom become when it gains an electron?

Answer 3

anion

Question 4

what is a cation?

Answer 4

it is an atom that loses electon (s)

Question 5

What is an Ion?

Answer 5

An atom the gains or loses an (multiple) electron (s).

Question 6

Name 5 important electrolytes

Answer 6

calcium : Ca++ sodium: Na+ potassium: K+ hydrogen: H+ chloride: Cl-

Question 7

Name both different types of bonds.

Answer 7

Iconic bond and covalent bond.

Question 8

What is an Iconic bond?

Answer 8

Its an atom to atom transfer of electrons.

Question 9

What’s a covalent bond?

Answer 9

Its when atoms are sharing electrons.

Question 10

What are examples of organic substances?

Answer 10

They are covalently bonded carbon atoms (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids)

Question 11

What are inorganic substances

Answer 11

usually lack Carbon (H2O NaCl, O2)

Question 12

what exceptions are there to inorganic substances that actually DO have carbon?(4)

Answer 12

carbonic acid, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide.

Question 13

What kind of bonds form betweek water molecules??

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds.

Question 14

What is an acid?

Answer 14

an acid is something that has a sour taste and can react (dissolve) many substances. aslo defined as proton donors.

Question 15

What is a base?

Answer 15

bases have bitter tastes, feel slippery and are proton aceptors.

Question 16

the more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more ______ the solution is

Answer 16

Acidic

Question 17

The greater the concentration of hydroxyl ions, the more _____ a substance is

Answer 17

Basic

Question 18

What are the functions of carbohydrates.

Answer 18

Source of energy for cells.

important to the structure of RNA and DNA

Question 19

I am a basic building block for other carbohydrates.
I am a simple sugar
What am I

Answer 19

monosaccharides

Question 20

what is 2 monosaccharides bonded together make?

Answer 20

disaccharides

Question 21

what do many monosaccharides bonded together make?

Answer 21

polysaccharides

Question 22

whats are functions of Lipids

Answer 22

1) protect organs
2) componant of cell membranes
3) source of stored energy

Question 23

What 2 building blocks compose glycerides?

Answer 23

glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 24

glycerol + 1 FA (fatty acids) is called what??

Answer 24

monoglyceride

Question 25

glycerol +2 FA (fatty acids) is called what?

Answer 25

diglyceride

Question 26

glycerol +3 FA (fatty acids) is called what?

Answer 26

triglyceride

Question 27

cholesterol is found in cell membranes and used to synthesize what??

Answer 27

steroids

Question 28

steroids are derived from what?

Answer 28

cholesterol

Question 29

Nucleic acids include two major classes of molecules...what are they??

Answer 29

DNA and RNA

Question 30

what are the structural units of nucleic acids called?

Answer 30

nucleotides.

Question 31

DNA bind to form a ____________ helix whereas RNA has only _______ helix

Answer 31

double stranded and single strand

Question 32

what's the difference between hydropholic and hydrophobic??

Answer 32

hydrophobic is "water repelling" and hydrophilic is "water loving"

Question 33

what bases compose DNA

Answer 33

Adenine, guanine, cytosine thymine

Question 34

what are the bases of RNA

Answer 34

adenine guanine cytosine uracile

Question 35

where is DNA found?

Answer 35

nucleus

Question 36

where is RNA found

Answer 36

Cytoplasm (cell area outside the nucleus)

Question 37

Sugar in DNA

Answer 37

deoxyribose

Question 38

sugar in RNA

Answer 38

Ribose