Chemical Mediators and Responses

Question 1

IL1

Answer 1

Inflammation, increase expression of adhesion in endothelial cells, fever, IL6 production

Question 2

IL2

Answer 2

Proliferation & differentiation of T cells (promotes regulatory T cells in Thymus, and also memory T cells and effector T cells)

Question 3

IL3

Answer 3

Maturation of hematopoietic lineages, macrophage differentiation; secreted by basophils and activated T-cells

Question 4

IL4

Answer 4

naïve T cell –> TH2 cell differentiation, B cell proliferation & differentiation, IgG1, IgE isotypes; secreted by TH2 cells (positive feedback loop)

Question 5

IL5

Answer 5

Plasma cell differentiation, IgA isotype, eosinophil activation; secreted by TH2 cells and mast cells

Question 6

IL6

Answer 6

Fever, acute phase response, plasma cell differentiation, Th17 differentiation; secreted by macrophages, endothelial cells and T-cells

Question 7

IL7

Answer 7

proliferation of B & T cell progenitors, survival of naïve and Memory T cells; secreted by fibroblasts, bone marrow stroma cells

Question 8

IL10

Answer 8

B-1 proliferation, inhibits macrophages

Question 9

IL12

Answer 9

NK cell activation (IFN-y synthesis and increased cytotoxicity, TH1 differentiation; secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 10

IL13

Answer 10

B cell differentiation, IgE isotype, macrophage alternate activation, increased mucus production in epithelial cells; secreted by Th2 cells, NKT cells, mast cells

Question 11

IL15

Answer 11

Proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells; secreted by macrophages

Question 12

IL17

Answer 12

Increased cytokine and chemokine production by macrophages and endothelial cells; secreted by Th17 cells (basically, this is just a “stuff multiplier”)

Question 13

TNFα

Answer 13

Inflammation, endothelial cell activation, neutrophil activation, fever, FDC differentiation, cachexia; secreted by T cells and B cells

Question 14

TGFβ

Answer 14

Treg & Th17 differentiation, B cell differentiation, IgG2b, IgA, inhibits macrophages; secreted by Tregs, macrophages (this is the “turn off” cytokine)

Question 15

IFNγ

Answer 15

Macrophage activation, TH1 differentiation, B cell differentiation, IgG2a, IgG3 isotypes; secreted by Th1, CD8+, and NK cells and group 1 ILCs (a general “turn on” cytokine”

Question 16

IFNα

Answer 16

Inhibits viral replication, increases MHC Class I expression, activates NK cells; secreted by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages

Question 17

IFNβ

Answer 17

Inhibits viral replication, activates NK cells

Question 18

GCSF/MCSF/GMCSF

Answer 18

Granulocyte/monocyte differentiation, stem cell recruitment; secreted by macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells (this is a “let’s think about starting” cytokine)

Question 19

Histamine

Answer 19

Vasodilation/vascular permeability, endothelial cell activation; secreted from granules of mast cells

Question 20

Prostacyclin

Answer 20

Vasodilation

Question 21

Thromboxane

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction

Question 22

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

Answer 22

Pain, central nervous system mediator of fever; secreted by mast cells in allergic reactions, otherwise derived from arachidonic acid in many cell types

Question 23

Leukotrienes

Answer 23

Vascular permeability, bronchoconstriction; derived from arachidonic acid in many cell types, secreted by mast cells in bronchial asthma

Question 24

Lymphotoxin (LT)

Answer 24

FDC differentiation, activates endothelial cells and neutrophils; secreted by T cells

Question 25

Complement

Answer 25

Opsonization, chemotactic, membrane attack

Question 26

Bradykinin

Answer 26

Pain, endothelium-dependent vasodilation and permeability

Question 27

CXCL8 (IL8)

Answer 27

Major chemotactic factor of neutrophils

Question 28

CCL2 (MCP-1)

Answer 28

Macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation

Question 29

CCL3 (MIP-1α)

Answer 29

T cell recruitment; major HIV-suppressive factor

Question 30

CCL5 (RANTES)

Answer 30

Monocyte, memory T and eosinophil recruitment

Question 31

CCL19 (MIP3β)

Answer 31

Naïve B & T cell recruitment to secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 32

CCL21 (SLC)

Answer 32

Naïve B & T cell recruitment to secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 33

CCL11 (Eotaxin)

Answer 33

Eosinophil recruitment

Question 34

CCL18

Answer 34

Naïve T cell recruitment by mature DC

Question 35

CCL25

Answer 35

Effector T cell recruitment to gut epithelium

Question 36

CXCL13

Answer 36

B cell recruitment to primary follicle