Chemical Nomenclature Flashcards
(26 cards)
____ are composed of metal+nonmetal
-Ionic compounds
Polyatomic ions use the ending “_____”
-“-ium”
When do we use Roman numerals?
-We use Roman numerals when the ion has the possibility of having multiple charges
The name of _____ _____ are formed by replacing the ending with “-ide”
-Monatomic Anions
Polyatomic anions containing _____ have names ending with _____ or _____ and are called _____.
-Oxygen
-“-ate” or “-ite”
-Oxyanions
The “-ate” is used for the _____ _____ representative oxyanion of an element
-Most common
The “-ite” is used for the oxyanions that have the _____ _____ but one _ _____ _____
-Same Charge
- O atom fewer
When would you use the prefix “per”
-This prefix would need to be used when there are one or more O atoms than the base oxyanion that ends with “-ate”
-An example would be a perchlorate ion (ClO4^-) because it has 1 more O atom than the base
When would you use the prefix “hypo”
-The prefix “hypo” would need to be used when there are one or fewer O atoms than the base oxyanion ending with “-ite”
-An example would be a hypochlorite ion (ClO^-) because it only has 1 O where as the base has 3
-This prefix can also be used when two elements are combined and end in “-ite”
-An example of this is a sulfite ion (SO3^2-)
When there are two oxyanions involving the same ion what ending would you use?
“-ate” and “-ite”
When should the prefix “hydro” be used when naming an acid?
-This prefix should only be used when the chemical formula does not contain an O
-“hydro”=no O
Acids containing anions that end with “-ide” are renamed by changing the ending to _____.
-“-ic” and then adding the word acid afterwards
-We must add the prefix “hydro”
-Example: Cl(chloride) is changed to HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Acids containing an anion that ends with “-ite” are renamed by changing the ending to _____
-“ous acid”
-Example: ClO2(chlorite) is changed to HClO2 (chlorous acid)
In acids,
“-ate” changes to “-_____”
“-ite” changes to “-_____”
“-ide” changes to “_____”
-“-ic acid”
-“-ous acid”
-“hydro_____ic acid”
Ionic compounds are composed of _____
1 metal and 1 nonmetal
Molecular compounds are composed of _____
2 nonmetals
What are the 4 rules we must remember when naming a molecular compound?
-The element that is closest to the left side of the PT is written first
-A prefix is used to demonstrate how many atoms there are of each element
-The ending on the second element should be “-ide”
-If the cation ends with a/o and the anion begins with a vowel, we do not have to include both vowels in the name
List the the prefixes for molecular compounds in chronological order
Mono-, Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Penta-, Hexa-, Hepta-, Octa-, Nona-, Deca-
What are molecular compounds made up of?
Molecular compounds are made up of a nonmetal+nonmetal
What are the two things to remember when writing the formula for ionic compounds?
Since ionic compounds are electrically neutral,
-the charge of the cation becomes the subscript of the anion
-the charge of the anion becomes the subscript of the cation
Ammonium
NH4^+
CO2^2-
Carbonate
OH^-
Hydroxide
Nitrate
NO3^-
