Chemical Organization

Question 1

The four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?

Answer 1

oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
carbon

Question 2

three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are

Answer 2

protons
neutrons
electrons

Question 3

what subatomic particle has a neutral charge

Answer 3

neutron

Question 4

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s

Answer 4

atomic number

Question 5

Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds?
1. Neutron
2. Electron
3. Proton

Answer 5

electron

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electron pairs between two atoms

Answer 6

covalent

Question 7

The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms making up a water molecule are called

Answer 7

polar covalent bonds

Question 8

Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases

Answer 8

endergonic

Question 9

An enzyme acts to

Answer 9

lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction

Question 10

most abundant and inorganic compound in the body

Answer 10

water

Question 11

A solute that readily dissolves in water is

Answer 11

hydrophilic

Question 12

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is

Answer 12

acidic

Question 13

A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a

Answer 13

buffer

Question 14

What is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

What is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells

Answer 15

glycogen

Question 16

octect rule

Answer 16

electron shells like to be in pairs
if the shell is full it is a stable atom

first shell has 2 electrons
second shell has 8
if the third has 6, it would try to steal 2 or give up 6 electrons

the shell is unstable until it can fill its outermost shell

Question 17

an atom with same number of protons but different number of neutrons is called

Answer 17

isotope

Question 18

what is the mass number

Answer 18

number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Question 19

what are positively charged ions

Answer 19

cations

they have given away electrons (giving away their negativity)

they have more protons in the nucleus then electrons in the shell, making them more positive

Question 20

anions - gained (steal) electrons

Answer 20

cations - give away electrons

Question 21

an atom with an unpaired electron in its outer shell so it is always unstable =

Answer 21

free radical

highly reactive bc it steals electrons from nearby molecules causing a chain reaction and widespread damage

Question 22

what are the strongest and most common bonds in the body

Answer 22

covalent

Question 23

what bonds are found in bones and teeth

Answer 23

ionic

they are ions attracted together like a magnet with an opposite charge

Question 24

an ion that breaks apart into its negative and positive ions in a solution and can conduct electricity is

Answer 24

electrolyte

Question 25

what goes in, must come out law energy is not created or destroyed, just transformed or transferred to another form

Answer 25

law of conservation of matter

Question 26

what speeds up chemical reactions

Answer 26

catalyst

Question 27

what 3 factors affect chemical reactions

Answer 27

1. increase in temperature 2. increased concentration 3. presence of a catalyst

Question 28

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Answer 28

metabolism catabolism - break down anabolism - build up

Question 29

organic molecules always contain what

Answer 29

carbon

Question 30

inorganic molecules lack

Answer 30

carbon

Question 31

more H+ ions and less OH- ions =

Answer 31

acid base has more H+ and OH-

Question 32

what does the pH scale measure

Answer 32

the concentration of H+ or OH- ions the lower number on the scale the HIGHER the acidity lever, the HIGHER the concentration of H+

Question 33

1= very acidic 14= very alkaline 7= neutral

Question 34

what is the most common buffer system in the body

Answer 34

carbonic acid bicarbonate (buffer systems maintain pH in the body, convert strong acids and strong bases into weaker acids and bases)

Question 35

are lipids hydrophobic

Answer 35

yes! they do not dissolve in water they store lots of energy espec. triglycerides

Question 36

what lipid stores the most energy, is most plentiful, protects and insulates

Answer 36

triglycerides

Question 37

what are proteins made of

Answer 37

amino acids they act as enzymes as catalysts help in structural support of cells and detect other chemicals, regulate hormones

Question 38

what stores genetic information on DNA and RNA

Answer 38

nucleic acids

Question 39

most common form of energy the body uses

Answer 39

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)