Chemical Pathology 9 - Nutrition

Question 1

Which are the fat soluble vitamins? (Recall letter and name)

Answer 1

A - Retinol
D - cholecalciferol (**rmb this is inactive vitamin D- i.e. vitamin D3)
E - tocopherol
K - phytomenodione

Question 2

What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 2

Colour blindness

Question 3

What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 3

Osteomalacia/ ricketts

Question 4

What are the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 4

Anaemia /neuropathy ?malignancy/IHD

Question 5

What are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 5

Clotting defects

Question 6

How can you test vitamin A levels?

Answer 6

Serum vitamin levels (although pretty much never done)

Question 7

How can you test vitamin D levels?

Answer 7

Serum vitamin levels

Question 8

How can you test vitamin E levels?

Answer 8

Serum vitamin levels

Question 9

How can you test vitamin K level?

Answer 9

Prothrombin time

Question 10

Name vitamins B1, 2, 6 and 12

Answer 10

B1 = thiamin
B2 = riboflavin
B6 = pyridoxine
B12 - cobalamin

Question 11

Which vitamin deficiency causes Beri Beri neuropathy?

Answer 11

B1 (thiamin)

**also causes wernicke;s encephalopathy

Question 12

How can vit B1 levels be tested?

Answer 12

Red Blood Cell transketolase (but this takes forever to come back from the lab so is rarely done)

Question 13

What are the symptoms of vit B2 deficiency?

how do you test for it?

Answer 13

Glossitis

**tongue tastes FLAVOUR. riboFLAVIN**

tested withglutathione reductase activity

Question 14

What are the symptoms of vit B6 deficiency?

how d yuo test for it

Answer 14

Dermatitis/ anaemia

test: red cell aspartate aminotransferase

Question 15

What are the symptoms of vit B12 deficiency?

Answer 15

Pernicious anaemia

Question 16

What are the symptoms of vit C deficiency? Excess?

Answer 16

Scurvy

Excess- renal stones

Question 17

What condition is produced by niacin deficiency?

niacin- vitamin B3

Answer 17

Pellagra (dementia, dermatitis, diarrhoea)

Question 18

What states are produced by iron deficiency vs excess?

Answer 18

Deficiency = hypochromic anaemia 
Excess = haemachromatosis

Question 19

What symptoms does zinc deficiency produce?

Answer 19

Dermatitis

**think back to derm clinic**

Question 20

How can Wilson’s disease be tested for?

Answer 20

Caeruloplasmin level- woul dbe low

Question 21

Deficiency in which hormone can cause insulin resistance?

Answer 21

Adiponectin- this is produced by fat cells around the body

Question 22

Where is adiponectin produced?

Answer 22

White adipose tissue

Question 23

What test can be used to prove a diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

Answer 23

Red blood cell transketolase

Question 24

What is carbohydrate deficient transferrin measurement used for?

Answer 24

To detect alcohol abuse

Question 25

Name of vitamin C?

Answer 25

ascorbate

Question 27

What does iodine deficiency cause?

Answer 27

goitre- hypothyorid

Question 28

What does copper deficiency and excess cause?

Answer 28

deficiency: anaemia excess; wilson's

Question 29

what does fluoride deficiency vs excess cause

Answer 29

deficiency: dental caries excess; fluorsis

Question 30

What nutrient problems do you get in crohn's?

Answer 30

Terminal ileal disease can lead to B12 deficiency and fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK) deficiency o Folate deficiency can be present in patients on methotrexate therapy o Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and zinc can be deranged if there is high output/chronic diarrhoea

Question 31

What nutrient deficiencies do you see in coelaic disease

Answer 31

Iron deficiency o Vitamins ADEK, thiamine, Vitamin B6

Question 32

What deficiencies do you see in chronic liver disease/

Answer 32

Vitamins ADEK, B12, Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, folate

Question 33

Nutrient problems in chronic kidney disease

Answer 33

Protein energy wasting syndrome

Question 34

Nutrient problems in pancreatic insufifiency

Answer 34

ADEK defiicency