Chemical Reactions

Question 1

(Solutions) Solvent

Answer 1

What is doing the dissolving; what there is more of in a solution.

Question 2

(Solutions) Solute

Answer 2

What is being dissolved; what there is less of in a solution.

Question 3

(Electrolytes) Strong Electrolytes

Answer 3

Strong acids and ionic compounds.

Question 4

(Electrolytes) Weak Electrolytes

Answer 4

Weak acids.

Question 5

(Electrolytes) Non Electrolytes

Answer 5

Covalent compounds.

Question 6

(Electrolytes) Dissociation

Answer 6

Ionic compounds separate into their respective ions when dissolved in a polar solvent.

Question 7

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The oxidation number of an atom in its elemental form is…

Answer 7

zero.

Question 8

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is…

Answer 8

equal to its charge.

Question 9

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The oxidation number for oxygen in a molecular compound is __, with the exception of peroxides, in which the oxidation number is __.

Answer 9

-2, -1

Question 10

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) Hydrogen has a __ charge when bonded to a nonmetal and a __ when bonded to a metal.

Answer 10

+1, -1

Question 11

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) For covalent compounds that do no contain hydrogen or oxygen, the most electronegative element has an oxidation number…

Answer 11

equal to its charge as an ion.

Question 12

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The sum of oxidation numbers must equal the…

Answer 12

overall charge of the compound.

Question 13

(Misc. Reactions) Salts are soluble in water if they contain…

Answer 13

alkali metals, NH₄⁺, or NO₃⁻; always considered as spectator ions.

Question 14

(Misc. Reactions) Spectator ions are…

Answer 14

ions that do not change phase during a reaction and, as such, are removed from net ionic equations.

Question 15

(Oxidation-Reduction Reactions) O.I.L.R.I.G.

Answer 15

Oxidation is losing (e⁻), reduction is gaining (e⁻).

Question 16

(Oxidation-Reduction Reactions) The oxidation number of an oxidized element is…

Answer 16

increased.

Question 17

(Oxidation-Reduction Reactions) The oxidation number of a reduced element is…

Answer 17

decreased.

Question 18

(Activity Series) Increasing ease of oxidation correlates to…

Answer 18

increasing reactivity.

Question 19

(Activity Series) An element will oxidize (take electrons from) anything that is _____ it in the series.

Answer 19

below

Question 20

(Activity Series) An oxidizing agent…

Answer 20

causes oxidation; is the reduced element.

Question 21

(Activity Series) A reducing agent…

Answer 21

causes reduction; is the oxidized element.

Question 22

(Halogen Displacement Redox Reactions) Halogens that are bonded to themselves can take electrons from (oxidize) any halide ions that is below it in the family.

Answer 22

Trend: F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂

F₂ will oxidize all HALIDE IONS below (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) to form F⁻

Cl₂ will oxidize all HALIDE IONS below it (Br⁻, I⁻) but to form Cl⁻

Question 23

(Hydrogen Displacement Redox Reactions) Hydrogen atoms in H₂O are reduced as they gain electrons to form hydrogen gas. The redox half-reaction equation for this is:

Answer 23

2H₂O + 2e⁻ —> H₂ + 2OH⁻

Question 24

(Disproportionation Reactions) Examples:

Answer 24

2Cu¹⁺—> Cu + Cu²⁺

Fe + 2Fe³⁺ —> 3Fe²⁺

Question 25

(Combustion Reactions) The combustion of any organic hydrocarbon in presence of oxygen gas produces...

Answer 25

CO₂ and H₂O.

Question 26

(Combustion Reactions) Combustion of any element in the presence of oxygen produces its...

Answer 26

oxide (ex. 2Ca + O₂ —> 2CaO).

Question 27

(Hydrogen Displacement Redox Reactions) Which metals will displace hydrogen?

Answer 27

Alkali metals, Ca, Sr, Ba.

Question 28

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) Net ionic equation of reactions between metals and all strong acids except Nitric Acid

Answer 28

aH⁺ + X —> H₂ + Xᵃ⁺ X is a solid. Xᵃ⁺ is aqueous.

Question 29

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) NO₃⁻ reduces to:

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) MnO₄⁻ reduces to:

Answer 30

Mn²⁺

Question 31

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) Cr₂O₇²⁻ reduces to:

Answer 31

Cr³⁺

Question 32

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) SO₃²⁻ oxidizes to:

Answer 32

SO₄²⁻

Question 33

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) H₂O₂ oxidizes to:

Answer 33

O₂

Question 34

(Redox Reactions in Basic Solutions) MnO₄⁻

Answer 34

MnO₂

Question 35

(Redox Reactions in Basic Solutions) To solve for a basic solution, what do you do in the final step of solving for an acidic solution?

Answer 35

Add OH⁻ to cancel H⁺