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Chemistry > Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a material made up of one kind of atom called

A

Element

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2
Q

What are atoms ⚛️?

A

All materials are made up of tiny invisible particles called atoms.

Some are common in the Earths crust like oxygen 46.6 % of the total.

Some are not found on the earths first and are made in laboratories.

At present there are over 110 elements.

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3
Q

Do we find many pure elements in the Earth’s crust

A

No

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4
Q

Where is each element/ atom listed?

A

Each element/atom is listed on the PERIODIC TABLE. The Periodic Table provides a name, symbol, atomic number and mass number for each element.

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

A COMPOUND is a substance made up of two or more elements joined together
chemically.

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6
Q

What are the rules of naming compounds?

A

.Compounds ending in –ide usually contain only two elements.
2. Exceptions to the “-IDE“ rule.
Compounds called HYDROXIDE, CYANIDE and AMMONIA contain more than two elements, e.g.
3. –ITES and –ATES
Compounds ending in –ATE or –ITE contain a third element called OXYGEN
The metal name always comes first if present in a compound.
The appearance of a compound may be quite different from its original elements e.g. Sodium chloride is a white solid but sodium is a grey solid and chlorine is a green gas.

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7
Q

How are mixtures formed?

A

Mixtures are formed when two or more substances are mingled without reacting, examples are air and crude oil.

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8
Q

Does separating substances in a mixture involve a chemical reaction?

A

Separating substances in a mixture does not involve a chemical reaction, example iron and sulphur can be separated using a magnet.

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9
Q

Are mixtures common in the earths crust and give examples of mixtures we create!

A

Mixtures are very common in the Earth’s crust and we often prepare special mixtures for our own use. For example:
Road grit: Alloy: Fertilisers: Petrol: Air:
Salt and sand
Two or more metals
Different salts for plant growth
Different hydrocarbons
Different gases including nitrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solvent is a liquid in which a substance dissolves

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11
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solute is a substance that dissolves in a liquid.

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12
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is a liquid with a substance dissolved in it, e.g.

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13
Q

Vinegar is made by dissolving ethanoic acid in water. What do the solute solvent and solution?

A

Ethanoic Acid is the SOLUTE
Water is the SOLVENT
Vinegar is the SOLUTION

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14
Q

What is a dilute solution?

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A dilute solution is one which contains a little solute in a lot of solvent.
A concentrated solution is one which contains a lot of solute to a little solvent.

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15
Q

What is the most common solvent?

A

Water is the most commonly use solvent.

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16
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A saturated solution is one in which no more solute will dissolve at that temperature.

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17
Q

What does not dissolve into a solution

A

An insoluble substance does not dissolve in the solvent.

18
Q

In a chemical reaction at least one new substance is always formed.
Give examples of some chemical reactions that happen around us

A 
Chemical reactions happen all around us. For example: 
Digesting food which you have eaten
Gas burning in a fire
A metal fence rusting
Petrol burning in a car engine
Skin forming over a cut.
19
Q

There are other signs of a chemical reaction:

A

These include :

Colour change

Gas given off

Heat give out or taken in

Solid forms into a liquid

A NEW SUBSTANCE IS ALWAYS FORMED

20
Q

Reaction which take energy in?

Reaction which give off energy?

A

Reactions which take energy in are ENDOTHERMIC.

Reactions which give out energy are EXOTHERMIC.

21
Q

What is a . Mixture and is it hard to separate

A

When two substances mix together but do not react, they form a mixture. It is
usually quite easy to separate the substances in a mixture.

22
Q

Explain filtration

A

If an insoluble solid is mixed with water, it is easy to separate the solid from the mixture. The method used to separate them is filtration.
Filtration is the technique where solid particles in a liquid can be separated from the liquid using paper (filter paper).
The solid left in the filter paper is called the residue. The liquid collected is called the filtrate.
For substances such as salt solution the water in the filtrate can then be evaporated off leaving the solid salt.

23
Q

What are inks

A

Inks are a mixture of a liquid solvent, which is often water or alcohol, and a colouring substance.

24
Q

What is chromatography?

A

This experiment is a way of finding out which substances are in a mixture. Chromatography is the technique used to separate the dyes in an ink.

25
Q

What is distillation ?

A

Distillation is a method of separating a mixture of liquids by their differences in boiling point.
Distillation involves evaporation followed by condensation.

26
Q

Can compounds ever be separated?

A

Mixtures can be separated using physical methods such as filtration, chromatography or magnets.
Compounds can only be separated into their elements using chemical methods such as electrolysis or heating with carbon.

27
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis means to separate a compound into its elements using electricity.
A circuit like the one shown below using 6 volts direct current (DC) electricity can be used.

28
Q

Can some metals be obtained from metal oxides?

A

Some metals can be obtained from metal oxides by heating strongly or heating with the element carbon.
For example:
If copper oxide is heated strongly with carbon powder it can be broken down into the elements copper and oxygen.

29
Q

The air around us is made up of different gas name all of them and give the percentage of how much of the air they are.

A

Nitrogen 78%

Oxygen 21%

Carbon dioxide 0.03%

Argon 0.9%

Three is a tiny percentage of other gases in our air too.

30
Q

Oxygen gas test

A

Oxygen relights a glowing splint.

31
Q

Hydrogen gas test

A

When a lit splint is placed in to a tube containing hydrogen the gas burns with a squeaky pop.

32
Q

Carbon dioxide gas test

A

Carbon dioxide turns limewater from clear to cloudy

33
Q

What contains carbon?

A

All living things contain carbon. Carbon is also a part of the ocean, air, and even rocks. In the atmosphere, carbon is attached to some oxygen in a gas called carbon di

34
Q

Explain how plants survive and what can happen when they die?

A

Plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight to make their own food and grow. The carbon becomes part of the plant. Plants that die and are buried may turn into fossil fuels made of carbon like coal and oil over millions of years.

35
Q

What happens when humans burn fossil fuels?

A

When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Increased levels of carbon dioxide can cause changes to the climate.
Increasing levels of carbon dioxide can act like a blanket to trap the Earth’s heat leading to an increase in the Earth’s temperature. This is known as the “Greenhouse Effect” and gases like carbon dioxide which produce this effect are called “Greenhouse Gases”.

36
Q

What happens when the carbon cycle changes.

A

Changes in this cycle can alter the natural balance of the gases in our atmosphere and result in changes to the planet’s climate.

37
Q

What elements are there in

hydroxides

A

Hydrogen, oxygen and other..

OH

38
Q

Percipitate reaction?

A

When tow solutions react to from a insoluble solid.

39
Q

Examples of everyday chemical reactions.

A

Digesting food

Metal fence rusting

Petrol burning in a car

Skin forming over a cut

Milk turning sour

40
Q

Physical change

A

A physical change is when a substance changes state from, solid to liquid etc

There is NOT a new chemical substances formed.

41
Q

What is cyanide

A

Carbon, nitrogen and other, depends on the compound

41
Q

What is ammonia

A

Nitrogen, hydrogen and other

Chemistry (3 decks)

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