Chemical Safety & Security, Research and Bioethics,

Question 1

What was the primary factor contributing to Shari Sangji’s death in the lab accident?
a) Her own negligence
b) Lack of proper safety measures
c) Unforeseeable chemical reaction
d) Insufficient first-aid response

Answer 1

b) Lack of proper safety measures

Question 2

UCLA’s chemistry department was cited for inadequate safety measures, including the lack of appropriate _____ and insufficient _____.

Answer 2

protective clothing, safety training

Question 3

TF: Dr. Gibson believes prioritizing safety in labs is solely the responsibility of individual researchers.

Answer 3

False (He emphasizes universities’ role)

Question 4

Why is the Shari Sangji case significant beyond the tragic outcome?

Answer 4

It highlights the need for a cultural shift towards prioritizing safety within research institutions.

Question 5

What collective effort is crucial to minimizing laboratory accidents?

Answer 5

Enhanced safety education and culture within the scientific community

Question 6

Give an example of an ethical dilemma faced by researchers.

Answer 6

Deciding whether to keep or return a valuable item found during research.

Question 7

What is the key difference between ethics and laws in research?
a) Ethics are subjective, while laws are objective.
b) Ethics are enforced through social pressure, while laws have legal consequences.
c) Ethics apply to all research, while laws are specific to certain disciplines.
d) There is no significant difference.

Answer 7

b) Ethics are enforced through social pressure, while laws have legal consequences.

Question 8

TF: Plagiarism and fabrication of data are examples of unethical behavior in research.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are some core ethical values guiding research conduct?

Answer 9

Honesty, transparency, and confidentiality

Question 10

Ethical standards are universally the same across all research fields and institutions.

Answer 10

False (Variations exist based on region, discipline, etc.)

Question 11

What is the primary function of ethics committees in research?

Answer 11

Reviewing and monitoring research proposals to ensure ethical compliance.

Question 12

What are the three core principles guiding ethical decisions, as outlined in the Belmont Report?

Answer 12

Respect, beneficence, and justice

Question 13

Provide two instances of highly unethical research practices.

Answer 13

Piltdown Man hoax and Tuskegee experiment

Question 14

What are some potential consequences of unethical research?
a) Loss of trust in science and the research community
b) Harm to research participants
c) Primarily financial repercussions for the researchers
d) Both a and b

Answer 14

d) Both a and b

Question 15

What are two historical actions taken to prevent unethical research practices?

Answer 15

Nuremberg Code and National Research Act

Question 16

Why is ethical training crucial for researchers?

Answer 16

It equips them to navigate ethical dilemmas and uphold responsible research practices while making discoveries.

Question 17

How does ethics training benefit researchers in their work?

Answer 17

It helps them maintain moral integrity and make ethically sound decisions throughout the research process.

Question 18

What is “cherry-picking” data?

Answer 18

Selectively choosing favorable data to misrepresent the truth in visualizations.

Question 19

How can reporting bias from veterinarians skew the public perception of a drug’s effectiveness?

Answer 19

If they only report successful trials, it creates an inaccurate impression of the drug’s overall efficacy.

Question 20

Industry-funded studies of drugs are generally less likely to show positive results than government-funded ones.

Answer 20

False (They are often more likely to show positive outcomes)

Question 21

What is the potential danger of using cumulative data visualizations?

Answer 21

It can create a misleading impression of continuous growth, even if the actual increases are minimal.

Question 22

How can pie charts be misused to present misleading information?

Answer 22

When participants can vote for multiple options, the total percentages can exceed 100%.

Question 23

What ethical dilemma arises in cases of conjoined twins?

Answer 23

Separation surgery often presents a life-threatening risk to one of the twins.

Question 24

What field of study helps navigate complex ethical issues arising in medicine and biology?

Answer 24

Bioethics

Question 25

What are some ethical concerns associated with transgenic organisms?

Answer 25

Potential harm caused by untraceable compounds introduced into the organism and long-term, unforeseen consequences on the genetic composition of future generations.

Question 26

Why are model organisms used in research, despite the ethical questions it raises?

Answer 26

They are essential tools for testing medicines and other interventions, but their use raises questions about their well-being and the ethical implications.

Question 27

What is the role of regulatory bodies in the context of bioethics?

Answer 27

To oversee and regulate biotechnological activities, ensuring they adhere to ethical principles and minimize potential harm.

Question 28

What are some primary ethical concerns surrounding human cloning?

Answer 28

Overpopulation, loss of genetic diversity, and the potential physical and psychological harm to the cloned individual.