Chemical Structure

Question 1

Ions

Answer 1

Ions are charged particles(either positive or negative)

Question 2

Why do atoms create ions

Answer 2

To achieve a full outer shell like noble gasses

Question 3

What charge of ion do metals make

Answer 3

Positive

Question 4

What charge of ion do non-metals make

Answer 4

Negative

Question 5

What ions do group 1 metals form

Answer 5

1+ Ions

Question 6

What ion do group 2 metals form

Answer 6

2+ Ions

Question 7

What ions do group 6 non-metals form

Answer 7

2- Ions

Question 8

What ions do group 7 ions form

Answer 8

1- Ions

Question 9

What forms when metals and non-metals react

Answer 9

Oppositely charged forces are attracted together and form ionic bonds because of strong electrostatic forces

Question 10

What type of structure do ionic compounds have

Answer 10

Giant Ionic Lattice

Question 11

Giant Ionic Lattice

Answer 11

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions

Question 12

Ionic compound properties

Answer 12

• high melting and boiling point
• When Solid do not conduct electricity
• When liquid will conduct electricity (delocalised electrons)
• Some dissolve in water

Question 13

Covalent Bonding

Answer 13

When atoms share electrons to gain full outer shells

Question 14

How are covalent bonds formed

Answer 14

When positively charged nuclei is attracted to the shared electrons by electrostatic forces and form strong covalent bonds

Question 15

Why do atoms want full outer shells

Answer 15

To become noble gasses which have very stable electronic structures

Question 16

How are covalent bonds drawn

Answer 16

E.g. H-N-H

Question 17

What is the structure of Diamond

Answer 17

Giant covalent structure, every carbon has 4 covalent bonds. This structure is very rigid

Question 18

What is Graphite’s Structure

Answer 18

Layers of hexagons with each carbon having three covalent bonds with delocalised electrons moving throughout meaning it can conduct electricity

Question 19

What are giant covalent structures

Answer 19

When all atoms are bonded to each other and have strong covalent bonds

Question 20

Properties of substances with giant covalent structures

Answer 20

High melting and boiling points

Do not conduct electricity (even when liquid)

Question 21

What are the electrons in the outer shell of metals like

Answer 21

Delocalised

Question 22

What is metallic bonding

Answer 22

When strong electrostatic forces hold atoms together in a regular structure. It is very strong.

Question 23

Why are alloys harder than pure metals

Answer 23

Alloys are a mixture of two or more metals. They are stronger because the new metal atoms distort the layers and make it more difficult for them to slide over each other.

Question 24

Why does diamond have a big melting point

Answer 24

A lot of energy is needed to break the bonds because there are 4 bonds for each carbon atom. Also, covalent bonds are strong.

Question 25

Why is graphite soft and maleable

Answer 25

Because in between its layers, the forces of attraction are weak

Question 26

Why are metals maleable

Answer 26

Metal atoms can slide over each other when hit

Question 27

Why are alloys not maleable

Answer 27

Because the different sized atoms cannot slide over each other