Chemical structure and bondings

Question 1

Octet rule:

Answer 1

Electronic configuration of noble gases, 8 electrons in the valence shell

Question 2

Ionic compounds:

Answer 2

When elements transfer electrons

• Usually, a metal donates to a non- metal
• Ionic bond arises from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ion

Question 3

Covalent compounds:

Answer 3

When elements share electrons

- Sharing between 2 or more non- metals

Question 4

Valency:

Answer 4

Charge of stable ion

Question 5

Group number:

Answer 5

number of valence electrons

Question 6

Period number:

Answer 6

number of electron shells

Question 7

Intermolecular forces:

Answer 7

• Exists between molecules
• Weak force (broken or overcome by little energy)
  e. g. dispersion forces, dipole- dipole forces, hydrogen bonding

Question 8

Dipole dipole:

Answer 8

oppositely charged ends of molecules forming a bond due to attractive force

Question 9

Hydrogen bond:

Answer 9

Only occur between hydrogen and atoms of oxygen, nitrogen and fluoride

Question 10

Intramolecular force:

Answer 10

• exist within molecules

e. g. ionic bonding, metallic bonding, covalent bonding

Question 11

Covalent molecular substances physical properties:

Answer 11

Low MP/ BP
Poor electrical conductivity in all state
Soft

Question 12

What are covalent network lattices?

Answer 12

Where covalent compounds extend throughout the structure

e.g. diamond

Question 13

Lattice:

Answer 13

Repeating arrangement of particles in a 3D structure

Question 14

Covalent network lattice physical properties:

Answer 14

Very high BP/ MP
Poor electrical conductivity in all states
Very hard but brittle