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HIS Second Term Finals > Chemistry 101 > Flashcards

Chemistry 101 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A change which involves the formation of a new substance

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2
Q

What is effervescence?

A

When a gas is produced in a chemical reaction

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3
Q

What is precipitation?

A

When a solid is formed in a chemical reaction

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4
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

The solid formed in precipitation

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5
Q

What does combustion mean?

A

Explosion

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6
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction which gives out heat

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7
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction which takes in heat

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8
Q

What are reactants?

A

The substances we start with in a chemical reaction

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9
Q

What are products?

A

The new substances formed in a chemical reaction

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10
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process of a plant making food

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11
Q

Which reaction is reversible?

A

Physical reaction

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12
Q

Which reaction isn’t reversible?

A

Chemical reaction

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13
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change with no new substances formed in it

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14
Q

Is mixing substances considered as a physical change?

A

Yes, as long as no new substances are formed

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15
Q

The components of air:

A

Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide

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16
Q

The components of sea water:

A

Water, salt, and other dissolved substances

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17
Q

The components of soil:

A

Rock fragments, water, dissolved minerals, air, and humus

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18
Q

The components of a rock:

A

Different minerals

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19
Q

What is humus?

A

A type of fertilizer

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20
Q

Name the states of matter:

A

Solid, liquid, and gas

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21
Q

Name the common changes of state:

A

Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing, evaporation, and sublimation

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22
Q

Melting:

A

Solid to liquid

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23
Q

Boiling:

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A

Liquid to gas

24
Q

Evaporation:

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A

Liquid to gas

25
Condensation:
Gas to liquid
26
Freezing:
Liquid to solid
27
Sublimation:
Gas to solid or solid to gas
28
How can you change a state?
By heating or cooling
29
What is matter?
The scientific word used to describe all the different types of substances and materials found in our universe
30
What is the boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid rapidly turns into a gas
31
What is the melting point?
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
32
What is the freezing point?
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
33
Explain the particle theory?
All matter is made up of tiny particles which are in constant motion. There are beliefs that there are forces of attraction holding the particles together
34
What is an atom?
The simplest particle
35
What is the diameter of the largest atom?
0.000 000 000 5 m
36
What is a molecule?
A group of two or more atoms which are joined together
37
How do you name the differences between the states of matter?
Their movements, spacing, and forces of attraction between them
38
Describe the atoms/molecules in a solid:
Strong forces of attraction, held closely together, and wobble back and forth
39
Describe the atoms/molecules in a liquid:
Weaker forces of attraction, slightly further apart, and move around each other
40
Describe the atoms/particles of a gas:
Weak forces of attraction, particles are very far apart, and can move in about all directions
41
What is diffusion?
When the particles of one substance spread out and mix with the particles of another substance
42
Where does diffusion occur the fastest?
In gases because the particles in gases move the fastest
43
What happens when a substance expands?
It gets bigger
44
What happens when a substance contracts?
It gets smaller
45
What is density?
The mass of a unit volume of a material substance
46
What is mass?
A large body of matter with do definite shape
47
What is volume?
The amount of space a substance or object occupies
48
How do you calculate density?
Mass/volume
49
How do you calculate volume?
length * width * height
50
What is volume measured in?
cubic centimeters (cm3)
51
What is mass measured in?
Grams (g) and kilograms (kg)
52
What is air pressure?
The force of air particles hitting a surface
53
What is a vacuum pump used for?
To remove the air from inside a container
54
What can we use to measure air pressure?
Barometer
55
What is the unit of air pressure?
Pascals (Pa)
56
Why are gases less dense than liquids and solids?
Because the particles of a gas are further apart

HIS Second Term Finals (5 decks)

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