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Chemistry 1129 Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

chemical reaction in which an atom or ion gains an electron

A

reduction reaction

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2
Q

a species that is reduced

A

oxidizing agent

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3
Q

another name for the oxidation-states method

A

electron-transfer method

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4
Q

shows the change in charge and movement of electrons

A

electronic equation

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5
Q

chemical reaction in which an atom or ion loses an electron

A

oxidation reaction

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6
Q

released when electrons are transferred in a redox reaction

A

energy

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7
Q

a species that is oxidized

A

reducing agent

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8
Q

Another name for oxidation-reduction reaction is a ____ reaction

A

redox

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9
Q

The substance being ____ loses electrons

A

oxidized

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10
Q

A ____ is any substance, atom, ion, proton, etc., that is being discussed

A

species

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11
Q

A substance is a/an ___ agent if it causes another substance to be oxidized

A

oxidizing

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12
Q

The halogens are ____ agents

A

oxidizing

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13
Q

The element ____ has the greatest ability to attract electrons

A

fluorine

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14
Q

A substance that causes another substance to ____ electrons is an oxidizing agent

A

lose

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15
Q

A strong reducing agent forms a ____ oxidizing agent

A

weak

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16
Q

If no ____ are exchanged in a reaction, it is not a redox reaction

A

electrons

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17
Q

A/An ____ agent gives up electrons

A

reducing

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18
Q

A chlorine atom changes to chloride ___ when it gains an electron

A

ion

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19
Q

If an element attains a less positive oxidation state, it has been _____

A

reduced

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20
Q

If there is no change in the charge in a reaction, it is not a/an ____ reaction

A

oxidation-reduction

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21
Q

If an oxidation occurs in a reaction, there must be a matching ____

A

reduction

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22
Q

The electrons ____ by atoms or ions must be ____ by other atoms or ions in a redox reaction

A

lost; gained

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23
Q

A ____ agent supplies electrons

A

reducing

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24
Q

___ chemical reactions are oxidation-reduction reactions

A

Some

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25
____ charged ions are produced when an atom is oxidized
Negatively
26
A ___-reaction is either an oxidation or reduction reaction
full
27
The electron-____ method is also known as the oxidation states method
shift
28
A reaction in which at least two atoms or ions undergo a change in oxidation state is called a/an ____
oxidation-reduction reaction
29
A method to balance redox equations is called the ___-transfer method
ion
30
The process in which a substance acts as both an oxidizing and reducing agent and is both self-oxidizing and self-reducing is called ___
auto-oxidation
31
When a hydrogen combines with chlorine, it is oxidized because it has ___ its electron
`shared
32
The electron-transfer method assigns oxidation numbers to ____, while the ion-electron method assigns oxidation numbers to whole species
atoms
33
branch of chemistry that deals with electricity-related applications of oxidation-reduction reactions
electrochemistry
34
positive electrode of an electrochemical cell
cathode
35
electrolyte in a dry cell
paste
36
one joule of work that moves a charge of one coulomb between two points
volt
37
type of reaction that occurs at the anode and cathode of an electrochemical cell
half-reaction
38
_____ in an electrochemical cell is generated by the ongoing ___ reaction within the cell
Electricity; redox
39
A porous ____ is placed between the electrolyte at the anode and the electrolyte at the cathode in an electrochemical cell so that electrolytes do not mix
barrier
40
____ force moves a charge through a circuit because of a difference in ____ in the cell
Electromotive; electric potential
41
The ____ of an alkaline cell is either potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide
electrolyte
42
Hydrogen gas build-up within a dry cell between the anode and the cathode causes ____ and reduces the current output
resistance
43
The simplest type of electrochemical cell is called the ____ cell
voltaic
44
A charge of 6.24 x 10(18) electrons is called _____
a coulomb
45
An alkaline fuel uses ___ gas as a fuel
hydrogen
46
___ cell does not use an alkaline electrolyte
A lithium
47
The ___ is a unit of electric current equal to one coulomb per second
ampere
48
The ____ is made of strips of nickel hydroxide and cadmium with potassium hydroxide between them
nickel(II) hydroxide-cadmium cell
49
Voltaic piles joined in ____ supply more current in a circuit
parallel
50
The positive ions in an electrochemical cell leave a surplus of ____ behind at the anode
electrons
51
Negative ions are called _____
anions
52
A ____ consists of two or more electrochemical cells joined together
battery
53
Electron loss causes the anode in an electrochemical cell to produce ____ ions
positive
54
Oxygen is reduced at the ____ in a fuel cell
cathode
55
The negative electrode of an electrochemical cell is called the ____
anode
56
An ion exchange is allowed between two electrolytes in a cell by a ____ bridge
salt
57
Plante invented the ___ storage battery
lead
58
A harmless product of a reaction in an alkaline fuel cell is ___
water
59
A fuel cell is similar to an ____ cell in construction
alkaline
60
TRUE OR FALSE An electric charge moves from a high electric potential to a low electric potential
true
61
In an electrochemical cell, ____ generates the electrons
oxidation
62
A ___ current collector collecs electrons at the anode of an alkaline cell
brass
63
TRUE OR FALSE Potassium hydroxide is used as the electrolyte in an alkaline fuel cell
true
64
nonspontaneous redox reaction driven by an external electric current
electrolysis
65
mass of an element freed during electrolysis is directly proportional to the amount of charge that passes through a cell
first law of electrolysis
66
electrolytic process by which a metal is deposited on a surface
electroplating
67
process by which metals are oxidized in the atmosphere
corrosion
68
method of refining metals using electrolysis
electrorefining
69
mass of an element freed during electrolysis is directly proportional to its atomic mass divided by its oxidation number
second law of electrolysis
70
potential of the half-cell measured in relation to the zero potential of the standard hydrogen electrode
standard electrode potential
71
Oxidation occurs at the ____ in both electrochemical and electrolytic cell
anode
72
In an electrolytic cell, an external power source produces electrons that flow into the cell at the ___ and out of the cell at the ____
cathode; anode
73
_____ steel is corrosive steel coated with noncorrosive ____
Galvanized; zinc
74
during the electrorefining of aluminum, aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten ____
cryolite
75
Plates of pure copper and slabs of impure copper are used to produce pure copper during _____
electrorefining
76
Electrorefining _____ metals from oxygen, and corrosion unites metals with oxygen
separates
77
Corrosion decreases the structural ____ of metal objects
integrity
78
A voltaic cell is ____ half-cells combined
two
79
____ potential is the potential difference between an ____ and its solution
Electrode; electrode
80
We cannot measure ____ electrode potentials directly, but we can measure the potential difference of the complete cell reaction
half-cell
81
A chemical half-reaction in each half-cell of a complete cell creates an electrical ____ difference
potential
82
The coating that covers copper to air is called ____
patina
83
Aluminum is extracted from an ore called _____
bauxite
84
the electrode potential of a half-cell is determined by comparing it to the potential of a standard ____
reference
85
The standard electrode potential of a hydrogen is ____
0.00v
86
When using electrode potentials, the half-cell reaction with the lower value must be _____ to become an oxidation reaction
reversed

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