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millas chemistry > chemistry] > Flashcards

chemistry] Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element?

A

Substances that are made up of only one type of atom

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2
Q

What is a compound?

A

Substances made up of 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded together and in a fixed ratio

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3
Q

What are some examples of compounds?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20)

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4
Q

What elements are in the compound magnesium bromide?

A

Magnesium and bromine

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5
Q

If the name of a compound ends in “ate”, what does it have?

A

Oxygen (Sodium carbonate is sodium, carbon and oxygen)

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6
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance made up of two or more elements not chemically joined together and in a ratio which varies

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7
Q

Can mixtures be seperated?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is simple distillation?

A

LIquid with a lower boiling point evaporates, rises as a gas, then condenses as it cools in the condenser, before dripping into the second container as distillate

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9
Q

What is filtration?

A

Mixture is poured onto filter paper which is on a funnel leading into a conical flask. Solid is left behind on the filter paper as residue and the liquid passes through into the conical flask as filtrate.

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10
Q

Which type of mixture would you use in filtration?

A

A mixture with a solid and liquid (Sand water)

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11
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

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12
Q

Why do the particles in diffusion go in a random order?

A

As the particles constantly collide with eachother, therefore frequently changing direction and speed as energy is transferred between them.

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13
Q

What happens when the particles in diffusion are at a high temperature?

A

Diffusion happens quicker as the particles move faster due to them having more kinetic energy

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14
Q

Hydrogen chloride + Ammonia –> ?

A

Hydrogen chloride + Ammonia –> Ammonium chloride

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15
Q

Do lighter particles diffuse faster than heavier particles?

A

Yes, ammonia is lighter than hydrogen so it travels faster in the same amount of time meaning it can diffuse faster.

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16
Q

How does a solution form?

A

When a solute dissolves in a solvent

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17
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance which can dissolve in a solvent

18
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid that the substance dissolves in

19
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution where as much solute has been dissolved as possible.

20
Q

What will a saturated solution contain at the bottom?

A

Undissolved solid

21
Q

Changes of state are … changes

A

Physical changes

22
Q

What happens to energy when a substance melts or boils?

A

Energy is used to overcome the attractive forces between the particles.

23
Q

What is released when substances condense or freeze?

A

Energy

24
Q

Solid to liquid?

A

Melting

25
Q

Liquid to gas?

A

Evaporating/boiling

26
Q

Gas to liquid?

A

Condensing

27
Q

Liquid to solid?

A

Freezing

28
Q

Solid to gas?

A

Sublimation

29
Q

Gas to solid?

A

Deposition

30
Q

What are the properties of a solid?

A
  • Regular arrangement of particles
    -Particles vibrate about their fixed position
    -Fixed shape
    -High density
31
Q

What are the properties of a liquid?

A

-Random arrangement of particles
-Particles move over eachother
-Takes shape of container
-Lower density than solid

32
Q

What are the properties of a gas?

A

-Particles are spread out and far apart
-Particles move around quickly
-Fills the container
-Lower density than liquid

33
Q

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

A

Evaporation is the process where high energy particles at the surface if a liquid escape and become a gas. This can happen at any temp (but will happen more at higher temps as the particles have more kinetic energy.

Boiling happens at the boiling point when all the particles move apart so that the entire substance changes state

34
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

Solution is heated until crystals start to form at the surface. Heat is then turned off and liquid evaporates and solid crystalliizes.

35
Q

What do you need for crystallisation?

A

Bunsen burner
Tripod
Evaporating dish

36
Q

What mixture can crystallisation seperate?

A

Liquids and dissolved solids

37
Q

What is paper chromatography used for?

A

Seperate mixtures of coloured liquids, such as inks or food colourings.

38
Q

How does paper chromatography work?

A

Different liquids have different solubilities and so rise different distances up the paper.

39
Q

What happens when the mixture (or parts of the mixture) are insoluble in the solvent in paper chromatography?

A

They stay on the baseline and do not rise

40
Q

How does temperature affect solubility?

A

The greater the temp, the more can be dissolved

millas chemistry (1 decks)

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