chemistry Flashcards
the seven diatomic elements
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
naming ionic compounds
metals first and then non-metals. the ending of the nonmetal is changed to “ide”. add roman numerals if it a multivalent ion
naming molecular compounds
two non-metals, using numerical prefixes, “mono” is not used in the first non-metal, “ide” is used as a suffix for the second non-metal.
naming polyatomic ions
ending is not changed, polyatomics end in “fate” or “phate” ex. phosphate. when crisscrossing and the subscript is greater than one, USE BRACKETS
single displacement
a reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound.
Ex. A + BC 🡪 AC + B
double displacement
a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds
Ex. AB + CD → AD + CB
synthesis
a reaction in which 2 reactants combine to make a product.
Ex. A + B 🡪 AB
decomposition
a reaction in which a reactant breaks down to form 2 (or more) simpler products.
Ex. AB 🡪 A + B
neutralization
When an acid and a base are mixed together, water and a compound are formed. The products of this reaction are neutral
Ex. Acid + Base –> Water + salt
how do atoms become cations or anions
Cations form from the loss of electrons and have a positive charge while anions form through the gain of electrons and have a negative charge.
Law of Conservation of Mass
The law implies that mass cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be rearranged in space and the entities associated with it can change shape. The products and reactants will always have the same Mass
naming acids
always has Hydrogen (H)
naming bases
always has CO3 or OH
