Chemistry Flashcards
(19 cards)
Filtration
process used to remove solid particles or substances from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a porous material, often called a filter.
Dissolution
process of a solid substance becoming incorporated into a liquid, forming a homogeneous solution.
Crystallization
solid material forms from a liquid or gas when the particles come together in an orderly, repeating pattern. It involves cooling a solution or vapor, causing the atoms, ions, or molecules to arrange themselves into a structured, three-dimensional lattice
Evaporation/Distillation
to separate components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points.
Paper Chromatography
allowing a liquid mixture to travel up a strip of special paper. As the liquid moves up, it separates into its individual parts, showing distinct, colorful bands.
Nitrate
NO3 -
Sulfate
SO4 2-
Phosphate
PO4 3-
Hydroxide
OH -
Oxide
O 2-
hydrogencarbonate
HCO3 -
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Ammonium
NH4 +
Good electrical conductivity
Delocalized electrons are highly mobile - can move through the metal structure in response to an applied voltage
Good thermal conductivity
delocalized electrons and closely packed ions enable efficient transfer of thermal energy
malleability/ductility
the movement of delocalized electrons is non-directional/random through the cation lattice, so the metallic bond remains intact while the conformation changes under applied pressure.
High melting points
a lot of energy is required to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction in the metallic bond and separate the atoms
Shiny/lustrous appearance
delocalized electrons in metal crystal structure reflect light
metallic bond
the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of cations and delocalized electrons
