Chemistry Flashcards
(197 cards)
1
Q
What’s a yellow safety flame for?
A
It’s what you set the burner to when your not using it
2
Q
Can a yellow safety flame be used for heating?
A
No
3
Q
Why can’t a yellow safety flame be used for hearting?
A
Because it makes too much soot
4
Q
What’s a medium blue flame for ?
A
Gentle heating, it’s hotter than the safety flame but not as hot at the roaring blue flame
5
Q
What’s the roaring blue flame used for?
A
Vigorous heating
6
Q
Why is the blue flame so hot?
A
Because the air hole is fully open wick increases the oxygen supply
7
Q
What gas to Bunsen burners burn?
A
Methane gas
8
Q
What’s the air hole on a Bunsen burner used for?
A
To vary the amounts of oxygen
9
Q
What are the names of the three flames Bunsen burners can produce
A
Yellow safety flame , medium blue flame, roaring blue flame.
10
Q
What are the three states of matter
A
Solid , liquid , gas
11
Q
What are all materials made of?
A
Tiny particles
12
Q
Do the particles stay the same weather it’s a solid liquid of gas?
A
Yes!
13
Q
What is the force of attraction in solids
A
Strong
14
Q
Do solid particles move from there positions
A
No but they vibrate
15
Q
Can solids be compressed?
A
No they can not
16
Q
Why are solids so dense?
A
Because they have lots of particles in a small volume
17
Q
All solids keep a ……. Shape ( fill in the gap)
A
Defined
18
Q
Is there any attraction between particles in liquids?
A
Yes some
19
Q
The particles in a liquid are ……… moving in all directions (fill in the gap)
A
Constantly
20
Q
Do liquids keep a defined shape
A
No
21
Q
Do liquids keep the same volume
A
Yes
22
Q
Are liquids dense
A
They are quite dense but not as dense as solids
23
Q
Do liquids compress easily?
A
No
24
Q
How strong is the force of attraction between gas particles
A
Very weak
25
Why do gas particles collide with themselves
Because they move fast
26
Do gasses keep a defined shape of volume?
Nope!
27
Can gasses be compressed easily?
Yes
28
Do gasses have low or high density’s
Low as they don’t have many particles
29
What happens when you heat a solid
It expands and becomes less dense
30
What happens when you cool a substance
It contracts and becomes more dense
31
When a solid is heated it gains more …….
Energy
32
What happens when particles move more
It weakens the force that holds them together
33
What’s the change of state called when a solids turns into a liquid
Melting
34
What’s the change of state called when a liquid turns into a solid
Freezing / solidifying
35
What’s the change of state called when liquid turns into gas
Boiling
36
What’s the change of state called when a gas turns into a liquid
Condensing
37
What’s the change of state called when a solid turns into a gas (or the other way round)
Subliming
38
What’s the name of the pushing force that happened when gas particles bounce off containers they are in
Gas pressure
39
What’s the name of the prowess that happened when particles spread out d
Difusion
40
Is difusion slow or fast?
Slow because the particles of the smelly gas keep bumping into air particles witch stops them making forward progression
41
What dose soluble mean
It means it can dissolve
42
What dose insoluble mean
It means it can’t dissolve
43
What a solute
The substance that dissolves
44
Solvent
The substance that dose the dissolving
45
What’s a solution
A mixture of a solute and a solvent
46
What’s suspension
A mixture of an insoluble substance and a liquid
47
What’s the other name for table salt
Sodium chloride
48
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
It’s called a beaker and it’s used for holding liquids
49
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Coni or flask used for holding liquids
50
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Test tube for holding solids and liquids
51
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Round bottomed flask used for heating liquids
52
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Flat bottomed flask used for holding liquids
53
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Boiling tube used for heating solids and liquids
54
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Petri dish used for cultivating micro organisms
55
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Test tube holder used for holding test tube or boiling tube
56
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Büchner flask used in preparation of gases and for filtering under suction
57
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Clock glass used for evaporating a small amount of solution
58
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Test tube rack used for holding test tubes and boiling tubes
59
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Retort stand and clamp used for holding objects in position
60
What is the name of this piece of apparatus and what is it used for?
Wire gauze used to spread heat when heating a flask or beaker
61
How many particles is a pure substance made up of?
One
62
Can pure substances be separated into anything simpler (without chemical reaction)
No
63
How can you identify a pure substance
It will have a fixed melting/boiling point (eg: pure water melts at 0 and boils at 100)
64
What are mixtures
Substances that are not chemically joined up
65
What does a mixture contain?
Two or more substances wich aren’t chemically joined
66
What are the properties of a mixture
A mixture of the properties of its components (the parts it made from)
67
What do you call a solution when no more solute will dissolve
Saturated
68
you can dissolve a solid to make a mixture - true or false
True
69
How can you separate solutes from a solution
Evaporation
70
How do you test the purity of water
Find it’s boiling and melting point and if they aren’t 100 C and 0C then it’s not pure
71
What do you use a Liebig condenser for?
Distillation
72
What is simple distillation for?
To separate mixtures of solids and liquids.
73
Read page 70
74
What can distillation be used for?
To separate mixed liquids
75
What is distilling two mixed liquids called
Fractional distillation
76
What’s chromatography used for
Separating dyes
77
Name 3 chemical changes
Cooking
Rusting
Fruit moulding
78
What is another name for table salt
Sodium chloride
79
Name 3 properties of solids
Fixed shape
Fixed volume
Cannot be compressed
80
Name 3 properties of liquids
No fixed shape
Fixed volume
Cannot be easily compressed
81
Name 3 properties of gases
No fixed shape
No fixed volume
Can be compressed
82
Describe the particles in a solid
Packed together closely
Very strong attractive forces
Particles vibrate
High force of attraction
83
Describe the particles in a liquid
Some attractive forces
Move randomly
Particles are in contact with each other
84
Describe the particles in a gas
Move quickly
Weak attractive forces
Move random,y
85
What is an example of a reversible change
Water freezes to become ice
Water boils to become gas
86
What is sublimation
Solid turns into a gas when heated without becoming a liquid
87
What are two thing that effect how fast and how far each dye travels in chromatography
1. How soluble the dye is in solvent - more soluble = more fast
2. How attracted the particles are to the paper -less attracted = faster
88
Read page 71
89
Propanone =
Acetone
90
Different solutes are more soluble in certain solvents than others
91
Dye travels up paper at diff speeds depending on the solvent you use
92
Chemical reactions are
A rearrangement of atoms
93
Read page 74
94
Give an example where heating a substance causes a chemical reaction
Heating copper - copper oxide
95
Chemical reactions involve
A change in energy - causing the temp to go up or down
96
Magnesium + oxygen =
Magnesium oxide
97
In a chemical reaction atoms are ____ created or destroyed
Not
98
Zinc + copper sulfate =zinc sulfate + copper
99
What is combustion
Burning in oxygen
100
What is combustion
It’s when a substance reacts with oxygen to release energy
101
Name three things that are needed for combustion
Fuel , heat , oxygen
102
Carbon reacts with oxygen when heated to form
C + OO
Carbon dioxide
= OCO
103
Sulfer + oxygen =
Sulfer dioxide
104
What are hydrocarbons
Fuels containing only hydrogen and carbon dioxide
105
Hydrocarbon + oxygen =
Carbon dioxide + water
106
What is thermal decomposition
Breaking down with heat
107
Copper carbonate + heat = (Green)
Copper oxide + carbon dioxide (Black)
108
How can you tell if the gas produces is carbon dioxide
If it turns limewater cloudy
109
Acids and bases
Neutralise each other
110
What is a base?
A base is anything that will react with acid to produce salt + water
This is known as neutralisation because the products have a neutral ph
111
How do you know when carbon dioxide is being produced?
Fizzing or bubbles
112
If you neutralize metal carbonate what happeneds?
It produces carbon dioxide
113
What are atoms
Tiny particals
114
All matter is made up of?
Atoms
115
What’s an element
Substance that contains only one type of atom
116
Hydrogen
H
117
Helium
He
118
Carbon
C
119
Nitrogen
N
120
Oxygen
O
121
Sodium
Na
122
Magnesium
Mg
123
Sulfer
S
124
Chlorine
Cl
125
Calcium
Ca
126
Iron
Fe
127
Copper
Cu
128
All elements have
A name and symbol
129
H2O (Small 2)
Water
130
CO2 (small 2)
Carbon dioxide
131
CH4 (small 4)
Methane
132
NaCL
Sodium chloride
133
HCL
Hydrogen chloride (hydronic acid)
134
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
135
CaCO3 (small 3)
Calcium carbonate
136
CuSO4 (small 4)
Copper sulfphate
137
H2SO4 (small 2 and 4)
Hydrogen sulphate (sulphuric acid)
138
O2 (small 2)
Oxygen (molecule of an element not a compound)
139
In the setup of a Liebig condenser what change of state happeneds in the round bottomed flask
Boiling
140
In the setup of a Liebig condenser what change of state happeneds in the Liebig condenser (main tube)
Condensing
141
Liebig condenser is for?
Condensing the water vapour
142
What’s the test for carbon dioxide
Heat the substance in a side arm tube and put the delivery tube in limewater, if the limewater turns cloudy it’s carbon dioxide
143
Copper carbonate + oxygen =
Copper dioxide
144
What colour is copper carbonate before heating and what colour is it after?
Green before, black after.
145
What’s the test for hydrogen?
Get a lighting splint and if there’s hydrogen it will make a pop sound
146
What’s the test for oxygen
Glowing splint + oxygen = it will re light
147
What’s a lighting splint? And what’s a glowing splint?
Lighting splint is a stick of wood on fire , glowing splint is when it’s not on fire but it’s “glowing”
148
Revise the differences between the look of a molecule , element , mixture , compound, (in red book)
149
What’s a physical change
When no new substance is formed
150
What’s a chemical change
When a new substance is formed
151
What’s a mixture?
A substances that are not chemically joined
152
What’s a mixture?
A substances that are not chemically joined
153
Can you dissolve a substance to make a mixture
Yes
154
What do pure substances have?
Fixed melting and boiling points
155
How do you separate a solvent from a solution?
With simple distillation
156
What’s simple distillation for?
To seperate mixtures of liquids and solids
157
How does simple distilation work?
The liquid is heated and evaporates off as a gas leaving the solid behind
158
What does a Liebig condenser do
Helps is distillation and takes the gas and condenses it to a liquid
159
Can distillation seperate two liquids
Yes
160
What’s chromotography for
Separating dyes
161
Magnesium reacts violently when heated in oxygen- what does it produce
Magnesium + oxygen =
Magnesium oxide
162
What colour flame does sulphur produce when burned in oxygen
Blue
163
What is the test for oxygen
Oxygen relights a glowing splint
164
What is the test for carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
165
Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate + heat WHITE
Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide- WHITE
166
Thermal decomposition of hydrated copper sulfate
Hydrated copper sulphate and heat =BLUE
Copper sulphate and water WHITE
167
What kind of chemical reaction is rusting
Oxidation
168
What is the mame for rust
Iron oxide
169
Iron +oxygen +water =
Iron oxide = rust
170
Name 2 ways to prevent rusting
Painting or coating with plastic eg painting an iron fence
Oiling and greasing. Eg bike chain
171
Describe the ph scale
Ph scale goes from 0 to 14 and it shows how strong acids and alkalis are
172
What would an acid be on the ph scale
Between 0 and 7 is an acid. Strongest acid is 0 eg sulphuric acid and weak acid is 7 eg rain water
173
What is an alkali on the ph scale
Anything with a ph above 7 is an alkali
174
What ph scale would the strongest alkali have and give an example
Strongest alkali is 14 on ph scale eg sodium hydroxide
175
What ph does a neutral substance have - give an example
7 eg of a neutral substance is water
176
Describe how to test whether a substance is an acid or alkali
Use universal indicator solution
Put a few drops of the substance on a white tile
Add universal indicator solution
Match the colour to the ph chart
177
What do acids and bases do to each other
They neutralise each other
178
Acid and base =
Salt and water
179
Acid + calcium carbonate =
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
180
Describe an experiment which produces salt by neutralisation
Need to react sodium hydroxide (base) with hydrochloric acid ( acid) to make sodium chloride
Dilute sodium hydroxide solution with water
Add it slowly with a syringe to the hydrochloric acid
After every 1 cm test the solution by removing a small amount with a glass rod and test with universal indicator paper
When the ph paper shows it’s neutral ie ph of 7
Put the solution in an evaporating dish and boil off 2 thirds of the ater
Leave the solution overnight for the water to evaporate
Sodium chloride crystals will form
181
The salt you get out of neutralisation depends on the acid you use
Give some egs
Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid = sodium chloride
182
How many elements are there and where are they listed
About 100 and they are listed in the periodic table
183
What are compounds
2 or more elements joined up
184
Give an example of a compound
Why is it a compound and not an element
C0 small 2
It’s a compound because the atoms of different elements are joined together
185
What’s the difference between a compound and a mixture
A compound is made up of atoms of different elements joined up
A mixture is made up of different elements but the atoms are not joined up /bonded together
186
Name 5 properties of metals
They are shiny - reflect light
They are malleable - the atoms slide over each other and can be hammered into shapes eg horse shoe or iron nai
They conduct electricity - allow electrical charge to pass through them
They conduct heat- they let heat through eg copper pipes and aluminium
They have high melting points and boiling points - all metals are solid at room temperature apart from mercury which is liquid
187
Name some metals which are magnetic
Iron
Nickel
Cobalt
188
Name some properties of non metals
They are dull - not shiny
They are brittle- they break easily eg pencil
They are poor conductors of electricity eg like plastic or cork.
They are poor conductors of heat eg saucepan handles
They have low boiling and melting points
They are not magnetic
189
Pure substances have fixed melting and boiling points- true or false
True eg water
190
Mixtures are substances that are not chemically joined up and can be separated
True or false
Give an eg of how you separate
True
Distillation
Evaporation
191
Explain how a Liebig condenser works to separate a solvent eg water from a solution eg pure water from sea water
The liquid is heated in a flask
Evaporation occurs and the gas goes down the Liebig condenser
The solid is left in the flask
When the hot gas from the beaker touches the cold tube of the Liebig condenser it condenses the gas to a liquid
The liquid flows down the tube and is collected in a beaker
192
What is the chemical test for water
Anhydrous copper sulfate turns blue
193
Name the salt you get out of neutralisation reaction of sulfuric acid and a base
Sulfate salts
194
Name the type of salts you get on neutralisation when you add nitric acid to the base
Nitric acid reacts to make nitrate salts
195
Metal +acid =
Salt and hydrogen
196
Eg of a metal reacting with an acid
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid
Magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Salt + hydrogen
197
What is the equation
Zinc + sulphuric acid =
Zinc sulphate + hydrogen
Ie salt and hydrogen
