Chemistry Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Length is measured in…
A
meters
2
Q
Length is measured with…
A
ruler/meter stick
3
Q
mass is measured in…
A
grams
4
Q
mass is measured with…
A
triple beam balance or electronic balence
5
Q
time is measured in…
A
seconds
6
Q
temperature is measured in…
A
degrees celsius
7
Q
uniform solid volume is measured with…
A
LxWxH
8
Q
solid volume unit of measurement?
A
cm^2
9
Q
not uniform solid volume is measured with…
A
water displacement in a graduated cylander
10
Q
liquid volume unit of measuremet
A
ML
11
Q
what is volume?
A
the amount of space an object takes up
12
Q
define scientific method
A
a organized set of investigation procedures
13
Q
Define hypothosis
A
educated guess
14
Q
define experiment
A
procedure for testing
15
Q
what is a control group
A
standard for comparing (normal)
16
Q
define constant
A
factor that does not vary
17
Q
what is an independent variable
A
changed by the experimentor
18
Q
what axis is the independent variable on
A
x axis
19
Q
dependent variable
A
changes based on independent variable
20
Q
Qualitative experiment
A
quality
21
Q
quantitative experiment
A
amount
22
Q
define graph
A
a visual display of information or data
23
Q
line graph
A
changes over time
24
Q
bar graph
A
comparing information
25
circle graph
shows fixed quantity broken down into parts (percents)
26
define density
how closely packed the molecules are in a substance
27
density formula
m/v
28
density units
g/cm³
g/mL
29
define physical property
characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substance (color, size, shape)
30
chemical property
characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change (flammable, combustible)
31
physical change
a change in size, shape, or state of matter, but does not change identity (melting ice, cutting paper, breaking glass)
32
chemical change
a change from one substance to another (fireworks exploding, rusting metal)
33
law of conservation of mass
says that the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals mass of all substances after the change
34
precipitate
a solid formed from a liquid
35
endothermic reaction
reaction in which heat is absorbed
36
exothermic reaction
reaction in which heat is given off
37
melting
from solid to liquid
38
melting point of water
0 degrees celcius
39
freezing point of water
0 degrees celcius
40
freezing
from liquid to solid
41
vaporization
from liquid to gas
42
vaporization point
100 degrees celcius
43
evaporation
occurs at the surface of a liquid without heating it (liquid to gas)
44
condensation
gas to liquid
45
condensation point
100 degrees celcius
46
sublimation
from a solid to a gas with no liquid phase
47
does tempurature change during a phase change?
no
48
what axis is thermal energy on in a phase change graph
x axis
49
what axis is tempurature on in a phase change graph
y axis
50
describe molecules in a solid
densely packed and vibrating
51
describe molecules in a liquid
loosely packed and moving around
52
describe molecules in a gas
spread out and moving around
53
how does a liquid take shape
the container it is in
54
describe element
matter that is composed of one type of atom
55
what is this called:
Au
chemical symbol
56
define atom
smallest piece of matter
57
what charge to protons have
positive
58
where are protons in an atom
in the nucleus
59
what charge to neutrons have
nutural or no charge
60
where is a neutron in an atom
in the nucleus
61
what charge to electrons have
negative
62
where are electrons in the atom
orbiting the nucleus
63
where is the nucleus
the center of the atom
64
electron cloud
shows electrons traveling around the nuclues
65
electrons closer to the nucleus have ___ energy
low
66
electrons further away from the nucleus have ___ energy
high
67
how do you calculate mass of an atom
protons + nuetrons
68
where is mass
in the nucleus
69
atomic number
number of protons in an atom
70
how do you calculate the number or neutrons
mass-protons
71
isotopes
atoms of the same element that have a different number of nuetrons
72
what electrons are shown in a lewis structure
valence electrons
73
what are valence electrons
the electrons on the outer ring
74
how do you easily find the number of valence electrons on a periodic table
the ones place of the group number
75
metals
most frequent on the periodic table
76
metals charecteristics
good conducters of thermal energy
are malleable
are ductile
are shiny
have few electrons on the outer level
all but mercury are solid at room tempurature
77
nonmetals
right hand side of the periodic table
78
non metals charecteristics
poor conducters of thermal energy
no shiny
not mallieble or ductile
more than half are gasses at room tempurature
79
what is malleable
can be hammered into sheets
80
what is ductile
drawn into wires
81
metelloids
the staircase on the periodic table
82
which two types of elements share proporties with meteloids
metalss and non metals
83
have about half a complete set in their valence electrons
metalloids
84
what is another name for rows
periods
85
which way do rows go
left to right
86
as elements go from left to right, they become ___ reactive
less
87
what are columns also known as
groups
88
which way to columns go
up and down
89
how many groups are there
18
90
what do groups have in common
similar physical and chemical proporties
have the same number of valence electrons
91
which groups are highly reactive
1, 2, 17
92
what is group one known as
alkali metals
93
what is group 2 known as
alkaline earth metals
94
what is group 17 known as
halogens
95
what is group 18 known as
nobel gasses
96
are nobel gasses reactive
no
97
nobel gasses energy level is___
full
98
groups 3-12 are known as
transition metals
99
what is an acid
substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution ((H+)
100
what are the 4 proporties of acids
sour
electrolytes (can conduct electricity
corrosive
react with indicators
101
what is a base
a substance the produces hydroxide ions in a solution (OH) but also accept H+
102
what are the 5 proporties of bases
crytalline solid
slippery
biitter
corrosive
react with inticators
103
indicator definition
changes color in the presence of acid or base
104
give an example of an indicaor
ph paper
litmus paper
105
neutralization definition
chemical reaction between an acid and a base in a water solution which results in formation of salt and water
106
salt
compound formed when negative ions of an acid combine with positive ions from a base
107
strong acid
ionizes almost completely in water
108
weak acid
only partly ionizes in a solition
109
strong base
dissociated completely in a solution
110
weak base
does not completely dissociate in a solition
111
what is ph
a measure of concentration of H+ ions in a solution or how acidic or basic it is
112
what is the ph scale range
0-14
113
what number is neutral on a ph scale
7
114
what numbers are acids on a ph scale
0-6
115
what numbers are bases on aa ph scale
8-14
116
what color does pink litmus paper turn in a base
blue
117
define substance
type of matter with a fixes composition that can not be seperated by physical means
118
define element
substance made up of atoms with same identity
119
give an example of an element
gold, helium, aluminum
120
define compound
atoms of two or more elements combined
121
give an example of a compound
water, air
122
define mixture
material made up of two or more substances that can be seperated by physical means
123
define heterogeneous mixture
mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished
124
define homogeneous mixtures
mixture in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out
