Chemistry

Question 1

What is a covalent bond

Answer 1

A covalent bond is where electrons are shared. They occur between non-metal and other non-metal elements.

Question 2

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 2

Ionic bonds are where electrons are traded causing charges. This occurs between metal and non-metal elements.

Question 3

How do you draw ionic bonds?

Answer 3

Show the transfer of electrons, as well as putting your answer in brackets and giving them a charge

Question 4

What are the two types of charges an ion can have?

Answer 4

If an ion is charged positively, it is a cation
If an ion is negatively charged it is an anion

Question 5

What is an ion?

Answer 5

An ion is an atom that has a charge. This is caused by the atom losing or gaining electrons.

Question 6

What are valence electrons?

Answer 6

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 7

What is valencey

Answer 7

A number that refers to the number of bonds an atom can form. The number of electrons an atom must gain or lose to achieve a full valence shell.

Question 8

What is the name of group 1

Answer 8

Alkaline metals

Question 9

What is the name of group 2

Answer 9

Alkaline earth metals

Question 10

What is the name of group 18

Answer 10

Noble gasses

Question 11

What is the name of group 17

Answer 11

Halogens

Question 12

What is the name of group 16

Answer 12

Chalcogens

Question 13

What do all group 1 elements and water produce during their reaction

Answer 13

All group one metals produce metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas when reacting with water

Question 14

What do all group one and 17 elements produce when they react

Answer 14

They form salts

Question 15

How do you name an ionic compound

Answer 15

The first element (metal) remains the same
The second element (non-metal), changes its suffix to ide

Question 16

What are the diatomic molecules

Answer 16

HOFBrINCl

Question 17

How do you name covalent compounds

Answer 17

Keep the name of the first element the same
Convert the second element to its ide name
And then use the correct prefix for both elements that correlates to the amount of atoms that are in the equation

Question 18

What is the formula of ammonia

Answer 18

NH3

Question 19

What is the formula of butane

Answer 19

C4H10

Question 20

What is the formula for methane

Answer 20

CH4

Question 21

What is electronegativity

Answer 21

The tendency of an atom to attract other atom’s electrons.

Question 22

What is a non-polar covalent bond

Answer 22

The electrons are being directly shared between the two atoms. The electronegativity of the two atoms is equal

Question 23

What is a polar covalent bond

Answer 23

The electronegativity of the one atom is greater than the other, meaning the electron is being pulled closer to the one atom than the other.

Question 24

What is the law of conservation of mass

Answer 24

Matter cannot be destroyed. It can only change its form. When goes into a reaction must come out of the reaction.

Question 25

What is a synthesis reaction

Answer 25

Reactants come together to form a single product

Question 26

What is decomposition

Answer 26

A single reactant is broken down into what originally made it up.

Question 27

What is a single displacement

Answer 27

One element in a compound switches places with another element.

Question 28

What is double displacement

Answer 28

Both reactants swap ions with each other meaning there are no line reactants

Question 29

What are combustion reactions

Answer 29

Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form CO2 and water. This reaction releases a lot of heat energy

Question 30

What are acids

Answer 30

Acids are compounds that donate hydrogen ions to other compounds (usually start or end its formula with H)

Question 31

Sulphuric acid formula

Answer 31

H2SO4

Question 32

Ethanoic acid

Answer 32

CH3COOH

Question 33

What are bases

Answer 33

Bases are compounds that accept hydrogen ions. Compounds ending in OH are basic

Question 34

If a piece of blue litmus paper is put into a solution and it turn red is the solution basic or acidic

Answer 34

If the litmus paper turns red it is acidic

Question 35

If litmus paper turns blue after being dipped in a solution it is ——-

Answer 35

Basic

Question 36

How do you measure ph?

Answer 36

You use a ph meter or paper (tester). The colour it changes will allow you to determine its ph. Ph of 7 is basic Less than 7 is acidic More than 7 is basic

Question 37

What is an indicator

Answer 37

A chemical that changes colour based on the ph of the solution Purple is basic Green is neutral Red is acidic

Question 38

What is HF

Answer 38

Hydrofluoric acid

Question 39

What is HCl

Answer 39

Hydrochloric acid

Question 40

What is HBr

Answer 40

Hydrobromic acid

Question 41

What is HI

Answer 41

Hydroiodic acid

Question 42

What is H2SO4

Answer 42

Sulphuric acid

Question 43

What is H2CO3

Answer 43

Carbonic acid

Question 44

What is NaOH

Answer 44

Sodium hydroxide

Question 45

What is LiOH

Answer 45

Lithium hydroxide

Question 46

What is Ca(OH)2

Answer 46

Calcium hydroxide

Question 47

What is Mg(OH)2

Answer 47

Magnesium hydroxide

Question 48

What do acids and bases produce when reacting

Answer 48

A salt and water

Question 49

What is air pollution

Answer 49

Is the pollution of the air through natural or man made processes, that release chemicals into the air

Question 50

What processes pollute the air

Answer 50

Burning of fossil fuels Volcanoes produce toxic gas Wildfires produce smoke Burning of garbage produces dangerous chemicals

Question 51

What is ground level ozone

Answer 51

Ground level ozone is a common pollutant in major cities, due to the large amounts of vehicle emissions

Question 52

How does the ozone form?

Answer 52

Ozone is created by the production of primary pollutants that speed up the process by which ozone is produced. These primary pollutants are NOx’s

Question 53

What are NOx’s and how are they created

Answer 53

NOx’s are oxides of nitrogen, we focus on NO and NO2. The heat released through combustion reactions causes nitrogen in the air and oxygen to bond, creating NOx’s.

Question 54

How do NOx’s produce ozone

Answer 54

In the presence of sunlight and the suns energy a molecule of NO2 absorbs the suns energy and splits into NO and O. This O is then able to react with an O2 to form ozone. The leftover NO from the first part of the reaction is then able to bond with the ozone to produce NO2 and O2

Question 55

The impacts of ozone

Answer 55

Coughing,throat irritation Reduced lung function Aggregated asthma Causes lung tissue inflammation More susceptible to lung infections

Question 56

Acid rain

Answer 56

NO2 in the air reacts with water vapour to produce acids

Question 57

Layers within the atmosphere

Answer 57

Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere