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Science Class 10 NCERT > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Chemical reaction changes

A

State
Colour
Evolution of gas
Temperature

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2
Q

Decomposition of FeSO4

A

Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

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3
Q

NO2 Gas Colour

A

Brown

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4
Q

Pb(NO3)2 Decomposition

A

2PbO + 4NO2 + O2

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5
Q

AgCl Decompostion

A

Sunlight Ag + Cl2

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6
Q

AgBr

A

Ag + Br2

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7
Q

Colour of CuSO4

A

Blue

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8
Q

Colour of FeSO4

A

Greenish

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9
Q

Precipitate reaction

A

Na2SO4 + BaCl = BaSo4 + NaCl

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10
Q

BaSO4 properties

A

Insoluble and white

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11
Q

Cu on heating

A

Cu + O2 = CuO
CuO is black

(On heating)

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12
Q

CuO + H2

A

Cu + H2O
Black –> Brown surface

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13
Q

Sulphuric Acid

A

H2SO4

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14
Q

Nitric Acid

A

HNO3

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15
Q

Acetic Acid

A

CH3COOH

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16
Q

Acid + Metal

A

Salt + H2

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17
Q

Metal Carbonate/Metal Hydrogencarbonate + Acid

A

Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

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18
Q

Base + Acid

A

Salt + H2O

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19
Q

Metal oxide + Acid

A

Salt + Water

Metal oxides are said to be basic oxides

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20
Q

Non-metal oxides + Base

A

Salt + Water

Non-metal oxides are said to acidic oxides

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21
Q

Body pH range

A

7 to 7.8

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22
Q

Acid rain pH

A

Lower than 5.6

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23
Q

-

Antacid

A

Milk of magnesia

Magnesium hydroxide

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24
Q

Tooth decay pH

A

Mouth pH less than 5.5

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25
Vinegar contains
Acetic acid
26
Orange, Lemon contains
Citric acid
27
Sour milk (Curd)
Lactic acid
28
Ant and Nettle sting
Methanoic acid
29
Chlor-Alkali Process
Electricity is passed through brine soltution which makes Sodium Hydroxide | NaCl(aq) + H2O = NaOH + Cl2 + H2
30
Chlor-Alkali Process gas evolution
Chlorine gas is give off at the anode Hydrogen gas at the cathode
31
Formation of bleaching power
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 = CaOCl2 + H2O
32
Bleaching powder uses
Bleaching cotton Oxidising agent To make drinking water clean from germs
33
Formation of baking soda
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 = NH4Cl + NaHCO3
34
Decompositon of baking soda
Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
35
Formation of Washing Soda
NaHCO3 --> Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 Na2CO3 + 10 H2O --> Na2CO3.10H2O
36
CuSO4
CuSO4.5H2O is blue
37
Formation of POP
CaSO4.2H2O -heat 373K-> CaSO4.1/2H2O
38
Metal + Oxygen -->
Metal oxide
39
Metal + Water
Metal oxide + H2
40
Metal oxide + Water
Metal Hydroxide
41
Cold water reaction
Potassium, Sodiunm, Calcium(not too violently)
42
Why does calcium,magnesium float in water
H2 bubbles on surface
43
hot water reaction
Magnesium
44
steam reaction
Aluminium, iron, zinc
45
Why doesn't H2 not evolve when a metal reacts with nitric acid
HNO3 is a strong oxidizing agent. It oxidizes the H2 to H2O and itself gets reduced to nitrogen oxides
46
Soft metals
Alkali Metals | (lithium, sodium, potassium)
47
Amphoteric oxides
metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases Al2O3 ZnO
48
Atomic number of Helium
2
49
Atomic number of Neon
10
50
Atomic number of Argon
18
51
Atomic number of Sodium
11
52
Atomic number of Magnesium
12
53
Atomic number of Aluminium
13
54
Atomic number of Potassium
19
55
Atomic number of Calcium
20
56
Atomic number of Nitrogen
7
57
Atomic number of Oxygen
8
58
Atomic number of Fluorine
9
59
Atomic number of Phosphorus
15
60
Atomic number of Sulphur
16
61
Atomic number of Chlorine
17
62
Properties of ionic bonds
Solids and Hard because of strong force of attraction between ions High melting and boiling points because of amount of energy required to break ionic attraction Soluble Molten ionic compounds conduct electricity
63
Cinnabar
HgS
64
Extraction of cinnabar
Roasting of HgS HgS + O2 --> HgO + SO2 HgO --> Hg + O2
65
Extraction of Copper
Roasting of Cu2S Cu2S + O2 --> Cu2O + SO2 Cu2O + Cu2S --Heat--> Cu + SO2
66
Extraction of Zinc
Roasting ZnS + O2 --> ZnO + SO2 Calcination ZnCO3 --> ZnO + CO2 ZnO + C(reducing agent) --> Zn + CO
67
Extraction of Manganese
MnO2 + Al --> Mn + Al2O3 + Heat
68
Extraction of Fe/ Thermit reaction
Fe2O3 + Al --> Fe + Al2O3 + Heat | Used to join railway tracks or cracked machine parts
69
Extraction of Sodium/ Electrolytic refining
Impure metal is at the anode Pure metal gets deposited at cathode Anode mud gets deposited Anode --> Positive terminal Cl- --> Cl2 + 2e Cathode --> Negative terminal Na+ + e- --> Na Metal salt is used at electrolyte
70
Corrosion examples
Silver becomes black when exposed to sulphur in air(Silver sulphide) Copper reacts with CO2 and gains a green coat(Copper carbonate) Iron when exposed to moist air turns to rust(Fe2O3)
71
72
Corrosion Prevention
Alloying Galvinization Painting Greasing
73
Amalgam meaning
If one of the metals in an alloy is mercury
74
Brass composition
Alloy of copper and zinc
75
Bronze composition
Alloy of copper and tin
76
Solder composition
Alloy of Lead and tin
77
Why can't Carbon form ionic bonds
Gaining four electrons would be difficult for the 6 protons nucleus to hold 10 electrons Loosing fouor electrons would require a large amount of energy
78
Unqiue properties of carbon
Catenation Capable of bonding with four other atoms
79
Alcohol function group
— OH(ol)
80
Aldehyde functional group
— C — H || O (al)
81
Ketone functional group
— C— || O (one)
82
Carboxylic acid
— C— OH || O (oic)
83
Combustion
Hydrocarbon + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + Heat and Light | H2O only present if H is present in hydrocarbon
84
Oxidation reaction
Alcohols to carboxylic acids CH3CH2OH — Alkaline KMnO4 + Heat — —> CH3COOH Ethanol to Ethanoic acid | KMnO4 is a oxidising agent
85
Addition Reaction
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon to saturated by adding H atoms Nickel catalyst in presence of H2
86
Substitution reaction
CH4 + Cl2 --> CH3Cl + HCl
87
Ethanol reaction with sodium
Na + CH3CH2OH --> CH3CH3ONa + H2
88
Heating ethanol at 443K/ reaction to give unsaturated hydrocarbon
CH3CH2OH --hot conc H2SO4--> CH2CH2 + H2O | conc sulphuric acid is dehydrating agent
89
Esterification reaction
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH ---> CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O | Easter plus water is formed
90
Saponification reaction
CH3COOCH2CH3 ---NaOH---> C2H5OH + CH3COONa
91
Reaction of ethanoic acid by base
CH3COOH + NaOH --> CH3COONA + H20
92
Reaction of ethanoic acid with carbonates and hydrocarbons
CH3COOH + Na2CO3/NaHCO3 --> CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
93
Turmeric indicator colours
Acidic - Yellow Basic - Red
94
Red cabbage indicator colours
Acidic - Red Basic -Green
95
Hibiscus indicator colours
Acidic - Red Basic - Green
96
Methyl Orange indicator colours
Neutral - Orange Acidic - Pink/Red Base - Yellow
97
Phenalphjthalein indicator colour
Neutral - Colourless Acidic - Colourless Basic - Pink
98
Vanilla essence indicator
In basic medium no smell
99
Carbon allotropes
Diamond Graphite Buckminsterfullerene
100
Test between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Saturated hydrocarbons burns with clean blue flame Unsaturated hydrocarbons produce yellow sooty flame
101
Al plus water
Al2O3 + H2
102
Iron plus water
Fe3O4 + H2
103
Metal plus cold water
MetalOH plus H2 and energy
104
Magnesium plus hot water
Mg(oh)2 plus H2

Science Class 10 NCERT (2 decks)

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