Chemistry

Question 1

Carbon 12 atomic weight

Answer 1

1.99 x 10^–26 kg

Question 2

1 amu

Answer 2

1/12 carbon-12 mass

Question 3

____ de un atomo es aproximadamente igual al numero deprotones y neutrones en el nucleo

Answer 3

Atomic weight

Question 4

____ de un atomo es igual al numero de protones en el nucleo

Answer 4

Atomic number Z

Question 5

Substance that cannot be decompesed into simpler substances during ordinary chemical reactions

Answer 5

Element

Question 6

Atomos de un elemento que pueden tener diferentes atomic weight

Answer 6

Isotopes
difieren solo en el numero de neutrones

Question 7

A combination of elements

Answer 7

Compound

Question 8

The smallest subdivision of an element of an element or compound that can exist in natural state

Answer 8

Molecule

Question 9

The smallest subdivision of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

Answer 9

Atom

Question 10

Halogens and Noble gas are

Answer 10

Nonmetals

Question 11

The ___ have poor electrical conductors and have little or no metallic luster.

Answer 11

Nonmetals

Question 12

Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Lanthanides, Actinides are

Answer 12

Metals

Question 13

____ have low electron affinities, are reducing agents, form positive ions, and have positive oxidation numbers, high electrical conductivity, luster, ductility and maleability.

Answer 13

Metals

Question 14

Negative charged ions are known as

Answer 14

Anions

Question 15

Positively charged ions are known as

Answer 15

cations

Question 16

Anios lose electrons at the anode during elctrochemical reactions. Anions must lose electros to become neutral. Meanwhile, Cations gain electrons at the cathode in electrochemical reactions. Cations hani electrons to become neutral (T o F)

Answer 16

True

Al que le quitan el electron que termina siendo + es el cation
Al que le dan el electron que termina siendo - es el anion. Pq al inicio ambos son neutrales.

Question 17

The charge on an anion is equal to the numer of electros taken from a neighboring atom. This charge is known as

Answer 17

Valence = numero de electrones que debe ser ganado for charge neutrality.

Question 18

Type of bonding, in which electrostatic attraction is predominant is known as_____. One or more electrons are transferred from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another.

Answer 18

Ionic Bonding

Question 19

Diatomic - Common gases

Answer 19

H2, O2, N2, Cl2

Question 20

Type of bonding in which sharing of electrons is the predominant characteristic, is known _____. Are typically formed in organic compounds.

Answer 20

Covalent Bonding

Question 21

Both atoms forming a covalent bond of the same element share equally the electrons

Answer 21

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 22

Atoms that are not both the same element do not share the electrons equally

Answer 22

Polar covalent bond

Question 23

For atoms in an elementary free state, the oxidation number is

Answer 23

zero

Question 24

For monoatomic ions, the oxidation number is

Answer 24

the charge

Question 25

The oxidation number of an atom that forms a covalent bond is equal to

Answer 25

the number of shared electron pairs

Question 26

Always composed of the same elements combined in a definite proportion by mass

Answer 26

Pure Compound

Question 27

Avogadro #

Answer 27

1 mol = 6.02 x 10^23 1 mol = 1 gram-mole

Question 28

The ___ of a molecule (compound) is the sume of the atomic weights of all elements in the formula

Answer 28

Formula Weight

Question 29

The ____ is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in the molecule.

Answer 29

Molecular Weight

Question 30

The ___ is the amount of substance (in g) that supplies one gram-mole of reacting units. MW/delta oxidation number

Answer 30

Equivalent Weight

Question 31

Equal volumes of all gases at the same temprature and pressure (specifically STP) contain equal numbers of gas molecules

Answer 31

Avogadro Hypothesis

Question 32

Los coeficientes enfrente de un elemento en una reaccion quimica son moleculas o moles. Pero en los gases, los coeficientes tambn representan el numero de volumen. (T o F)

Answer 32

Cierto

Question 33

In the ____, the substance loses electrons, and the substance become less negative. This occurs in the anode.

Answer 33

Oxidation

Question 34

Inthe ____, the substance gains electrons, and the substance becomes more negative. This occurs at th cathode.

Question 35

Balance Redox Eqtn

Answer 35

1. Separar las ecuaciones en la de ox y la de red 2. Balancear los elementos fuera de los ox y los hydrogen 3. Luego balancear los ox con H2O 4. Luego balancear los h con h+ 5. Luego balancear los electrones 6. Las dos ecuacioenes redox y ox deben tener las mismas cantidades de electrones so mult por factor si es necesario 7. Unir las ecuaciones y cancelar los electrones

Question 36

Rate Reaction se puede afectar por los siguientes factores

Answer 36

Tipos de sustancias en la reaccion Exposed surface area Concentrations Temperatire Catalysts

Question 37

Molaridad

Answer 37

M = n/V n = moles del soluto V = volumen de la solucion

Question 38

Any compound that dissociates in water into H+ ions.

Answer 38

Acid

Question 39

Any compound that dissociates water into OH- ions

Answer 39

Base

Question 40

Acid properties are

Answer 40

1. Conducts electicity in aqueous solutions 2. Sour Taste 3. Turn blue litmus paper red 4. have a pH between 0-7 5. Neutralize bases 6. Reacts with active metals to form Hydrogen 7. Reacts with oxides and hydroxides of metals to form salts and water 8. Reacts with salts to form new salt and new acid

Question 41

Base properties are

Answer 41

1. Conduct electricity in aqueous solutions 2. Have bitter taste 3. Turn red litmus paper blue 4. Have a pH between 7-14 5. Neutralize acids, forming salts and water

Question 42

Acids and Bases formulas

Answer 42

pH = log10 (1/[H+]) pOH= - log10 [oH-} = log10 (1/[oH-]) [] - ionic concentrations in moles of ions per liter

Question 43

Molality

Answer 43

molality = mol solute / kg solvent

Question 44

molar fraction

Answer 44

x = mol A / total mol

Question 45

Faraday's Laws of electrolysis

Answer 45

1. The mass of a substance generated by electrolysis is proportional to the amount of electricity used. 2. For any constant amount of electricity, the mass of substance generated is proportional to its equivalent weiht 3. One faraday of electricity will produce one gram equivalent weight.

Question 46

Oxidarion Numbers of Atoms (Table)

Answer 46

Question 47

Ejercicios: Para encontrar la masa de un atomo de un elemento

Answer 47

Molar Weight / Avogadros #

Question 48

Ley que establece que a P = constante el volumen de un gas varia directamente con la temperatura absoluta

Answer 48

Charles Law

Question 49

Ley que establece que a T=constante el volumen de un gas varia inversamente proporcional con la presion absoluta

Answer 49

Boyle Law

Question 50

Ley que establece que la presion total de un gas es igual a la suma de las presiones ejecidad por los componentes individuales del gas (presiones parciales)

Answer 50

Dalton Law

Question 51

Ley que establece que en una room temperature, la suma de los heat capacities de elementos individuales de u solido son aproximadamente igual al total heat capacity del solido

Answer 51

Kopp Law

Question 52

Un gas se considera ideal cuando su presion es bien bajita y su tempratura bien alta. Bajo estas condiciones la distancia de las moleculas es grande y la interaccion es minima (T o F)

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Atomic radii in the periodic table

Answer 53

Decrease to the right Increase to the bottom

Question 54

Electronegative in the periodic table

Answer 54

Increase to the right Increase to the toop