Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Oxygen makes up what percent of the human body?

A

65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbon makes up what percent of the human body?

A

18.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nitrogen makes up what percent of the human body?

A

3.2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydrogen makes up what percent of the human body?

A

9.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nitrogen molecules are what size? (Small, medium or large)

A

Large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Trace elements are what?

A

Elements that are present in tiny amounts that essential to life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Subatomic particles are what?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes an atom unstable?

A

Not having a full valence electron shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three types of chemical bonds?

A

Hydrogen, covalent and ionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define “electrolyte”

A

When ions dissolve in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Calcium (Ca2+) allows for what functions in the body?

A

Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Bone and teeth density/strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydrogen (H+) does what in the body?

A

Stimulates the ETC which creates ATP
Acid-base balance of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sodium (Na+) does what in the body?

A

Permits fluid balance
Nerve & muscle function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Iron (Fe2+) does what in the body?

A

Component of hemoglobin (RBC) that allows the transportation of O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Potassium does what in the body?

A

Allows nerve and muscle function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ammonium (NH4+) does what in the body?

A

Acid-base regulation of the urinary cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) does what in the body?

A

Acid-base regulation (Alkalinity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phosphate (PO4(3-)) does what in the body?

A

Hardens bones and teeth
Key component of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the chemical difference between ATP and ADP?

A

ATP has 3 phosphorus atoms (Adenosine-TRI-phosphate)
ADP has 2 phosphorus atoms (Adenosine-DI-phosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to ADP during ATP synthase?

A

It gains a phosphorus atom and becomes ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is dissasociation/ionization?

A

When an electrolyte breaks apart in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A molecule is what?

A

2 or more atoms bound together (Example: O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A compound is what?

A

2 or more different atoms bound together (Example: H2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

IVD stands for what?

A

Intervertebral disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Air is made up of what % oxygen?
~21%
25
What is an enzyme?
A protein that is a catalyst
26
Blood is slightly what? (in regards to pH)
Basic/alkaline (7.35-7.45)
27
What are the 6 forms of energy?
Mechanical Chemical Electrical Radiant Thermal Nuclear
28
ATP is a(n) ____________ transport molecule
An energy transport molecule
29
Spent ATP turns into what?
ADP
30
What is the primary source of ATP? (Think food)
Carbohydrates
31
ATP is made up of what 3 chemical components?
Base Sugar Phosphate group
32
Approximately how many DNA base-pairs are in the human body?
3 billion
33
Atomic number is what?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
34
Mass number is what?
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
35
Unstable/heavy isotopes are what?
Radioactive
36
What is a half life?
The time it takes for half of a sample to decay
37
An isotope with more than the usual number of neutrons is called?
A heavy isotope
38
What is an ion?
An atom with an electric charge
39
A positively charged ion is called what?
A cation
40
A negatively charged ion is called what?
An anion
41
What is an ionic bond?
A close association between ions of an opposite charge
42
What is a covalent bond?
When two atoms share electrons
43
What is the strongest type of chemical bond?
Covalent
44
What is the weakest type of chemical bond?
Hydrogen
45
What is a nonpolar bond?
A covalent bond that has equal sharing of electrons
46
What is a polar bond?
A covalent bond that has unequal sharing of electrons
47
What is kinetic energy?
Energy powering any type of matter in motion (Now energy)
48
What is potential energy?
Energy potential that exists because of the positioning or structure of its components
49
What is chemical energy?
Potential energy stored within chemical bonds
50
What is a synthesis reaction?
The joining of components that were formerly separate
51
What is a decomposition reaction?
Breaking down into smaller parts
52
What is an exchange reaction?
When both synthesis and decomposition reactions occur
53
What is activation energy?
The threshold of energy needed to break bonds in reactants
54
What is an inorganic compound?
A substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen
55
What is an organic compound?
A substance that contains both hydrogen and carbon
56
What is a colloid?
A heavy solution that consists of tiny clumps of molecules large enough to make a mixture opaque
57
What is a suspension?
A mixture which a heavier substance is temporarily suspended in liquid
58
How are salts formed?
When ions form ionic bonds
59
When salts disassociate they turn into what?
Ions (that are electrolytes)
60
A substance that releases H+ ions in a solution is called what?
An acid
61
A substance that releases OH- ions in a solution or accept H+ ions is called what?
A base
62
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds
63
A carbohydrate is composed of what 3 elements?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
64
Saccharides means what?
Sugars
65
What are monosacchirides?
Monomers of carbohydrates
66
What are polysaccharides?
Polymers which consist of hundreds++ monomers
67
What is a disaccharide?
Pair of monosaccharides formed via dehydration synthesis. They have glycosidic bonds
68
What is a triglyceride?
Glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids via dehydration sysnthesis
69
Atomic number is composed of what?
The number of protons in the nucleus
70
Mass number is composed of what?
The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
71
Where are protons found?
In the nucleus of an atom
72
Where are neutrons found?
In the nucleus of an atom
73
Where are protons found?
Orbiting the nucleus of an atom
74
What is activation energy?
A threshold of energy that must be overcome for a reaction to happen. Equivalent to the energy within a reactions reactants
75
What is chemical energy?
Energy stored within chemical bonds, released when those bonds are broken
76
What is kinetic energy?
Energy possessed due to motion
77
What is potential energy?
Energy possessed due to the structure of position of something
78
What are the 2 types of ionic bonds?
Polar and non-polar
79
What is an ionic bond?
Attraction between a cation and anion
80
What is a polar ionic bond?
Unequal distribution of electrons, it causes the bond to have a partial positive and partial negative charge on each end
81
What is a non-polar ionic bond?
Equal distribution of electrons
82
What is a covalent bond?
Sharing of electrons to complete valence shells
83
What is a hydrogen bond?
Weak intramolecular bond due to dipole-dipole forces
84
Chemical reactions that release more energy than they absorb are called what?
Exergonic
85
Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are called what?
Endergonic
86
True or false: normal body temperature is hot enough to promote the chemical reactions that sustain life?
False: the body requires catalysts to promote the chemical reactions that sustain life
87
What does a catalyst do?
Increases the rate of change in a reaction without undergoing any change itself/lowering the activation energy needed to start the process
88
What is an enzyme?
A catalyst formed of proteins/RNA
89
How are salts formed?
When ions form ionic bonds
90
Salts disassociate into what ions when put in water?
Ions other than H+ and OH-
91
What are some functions that salts have in the body?
Becoming electrolytes, bile salts (digestion) or phosphate salts (for teeth and bones)
92
Carbon typically forms bonds by what type of bonding?
Covalent
93
Carbon most commonly gorms bonds with which element?
Carbon
94
What are the 5 functional groups?
Hydroxyl Carboxyl Amino Methyl Phosphate
95
Explain what the importance of a hydroxyl group is
Polar, involved in both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, component of all four types of organic compounds
96
Explain what the importance of a carboxyl group is
Found within fatty acids, amino acids and many other acids
97
Explain what the importance of an amino group is
Found within amino acids, the building blocks of proteins
98
Explain what the importance of a methyl group is
Found within amino acids
99
Explain what the importance of a phosphate group is
Found within nucleotides and phospholipids
100
What does macromolecule refer to?
Any large molecule
101
How do monomers form polymers?
Dehydration synthesis
102
Carbohydrates are composed of what 3 elements?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen is always in a 2 to 1 ratio (think H2O)
103
Carbohydrates are also referred to as what?
Saccharides
104
Saccharides mean what?
Sugars
105
What are the 3 types of saccharies?
Monosaccharides Disaccharides Trisaccharides
106
How does the body use dissacharides?
The body splits them into their component monosaccharides via hydrolysis
107
Lipids are made up mostly of what?
Hydrocarbons
108

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions