Chemistry

Question 1

What is an “atom”?

Answer 1

The smallest unit of an element

Question 2

What is “elemental matter?”

Answer 2

a SINGLE type of matter

Question 3

What is “compound matter?”

Answer 3

a combination of two or more elements

Question 4

What is the difference between the elemental matter and compound matter?

Answer 4

Elemental matter is one single type of matter and compound matter is made of 2 or more elements

Question 5

What is a “molecule”?

Answer 5

The smallest unit of a compound

Question 6

Matter

Answer 6

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 7

Atomic theory

Answer 7

States that atoms are made from a central positively charged nucleus and orbiting negatively charged electrons

Question 8

Positively charged nucleus with negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus

Answer 8

Atomic theory

Question 9

What are the atomic particles?

Answer 9

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 10

What charge is a proton?

Answer 10

Positive

Question 11

What charge is a neutron?

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

What charge is an electron?

Answer 12

Negative

Question 13

Where is the atomic number located?

Answer 13

On top of the elemental abbreviations

Question 14

What does the atomic number tell you?

Answer 14

How many protons are in the nucleus of that molecule

Question 15

What rows have the energy shells or orbitals?

Answer 15

The first 3 rows of elements in the periodic table. They are the biologically important elements

Question 16

What is the purpose of energy shells or orbitals?

Answer 16

They are where the moving electrons fall

Question 17

How many electrons does the innermost shell hold?

Answer 17

A maximum of 2 e-

Question 18

How many electrons do the 2nd and 3rd shells hold?

Answer 18

A maximum of 8 e-

Question 19

What is the “rule of 8” or “octet rule”?

Answer 19

States that all elements will share or steal e- to get 8 e- in their outer shell

Question 20

How many e- does Carbon have?

Answer 20

4 e- so Carbon will form 4 chemical bonds to share the other 4 e-

Question 21

What element has an atomic number of 6?

Answer 21

Carbon. 2e- in its innermost shell and 4e- in its 2nd shell

Question 22

Where do the first 2 electrons go?

Answer 22

for any element that is NOT hydrogen, the first 2e- go in the innermost shell and the remaining e- will fall in the 2nd and 3rd shells

Question 23

What charge are atoms?

Answer 23

Atoms are neutral meaning they do not have a charge. Once they have a charge, they become ions

Question 24

Will all of the elements steal e-?

Answer 24

Most of the elements obtain their 8 e- by sharing electrons. When the electrons are shared, they become part of the shared elements valence shell

Question 25

Valence shell

Answer 25

Outermost shell

Question 26

Covalence electrons

Answer 26

Electrons that are shared by in 2 valence shells

Question 27

How are covalent bonds formed?

Answer 27

Atoms must be physically close to share electrons (or form a covalent bond)

Question 28

Are covalent bonds weak?

Answer 28

No, they are strong bonds

Question 29

How is a covalent bond respresented?

Answer 29

With a straight line between the atoms: C-H

Question 30

What does a straight line between atoms mean?

Answer 30

It means a covalent bond has been formed, the atoms are sharing electrons

Question 31

How many bonds does Hydrogen make?

Answer 31

ONE

Question 32

Do all covalent bonds share electrons equally?

Answer 32

MOST covalent bonds are made by elements that share electrons equally

Question 33

Double covalent bond

Answer 33

When 2 atoms share 2 sets of electrons

Question 34

O=O

Answer 34

the = means there is a double covalent bond between the atoms

Question 35

What is a "polar covalent bond"?

Answer 35

When one side of the covalent bond is partially positive, and one side is partially negative It is a partially directional bond

Question 36

What is the name of a bond that is partially positive and partially negative?

Answer 36

Polar covalent bond

Question 37

What is a "non-polar covalent bond"?

Answer 37

When the electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally

Question 38

In a covalent bond with Hydrogen; Oxygen and Nitrogen will do what?

Answer 38

They will keep the e- closer to their nuclei and away from Hydrogen, creating a partially directional bond (polar covalent bond)

Question 39

When is a hydrogen ion formed?

Answer 39

When a hydrogen atom loses an electron and now has a +1 charge

Question 40

Which elements will steal electrons?

Answer 40

Column 7 - Fluorine, Bronine and Chlorine

Question 41

What happens when Column 7 steals electrons?

Answer 41

They acquire an unbalanced charge, making them ions

Question 42

How many kinds of ions are there?

Answer 42

2 - cation and anion

Question 43

What is a "cation"?

Answer 43

A positively charged ion

Question 44

What is an "anion"?

Answer 44

A negatively charged ion

Question 45

What is an "ion"?

Answer 45

An element or molecule with a charge

Question 46

How are ionic bonds formed?

Answer 46

By the attraction of a cation to an anion

Question 47

What is an "ionic bond"?

Answer 47

A type of chemical bond that involves the attraction of a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion

Question 48

What happens to anions when they are ionized?

Answer 48

They change their name. Like chlorine to chloride more specifically they gain or lose an electron

Question 49

Do cations and anions need to be physically close when forming an ionic bond?

Answer 49

No, so they are weaker than covalent bonds which need the atoms to be physically close to share electrons

Question 50

Do Hydrogen bonds make molecules?

Answer 50

No, they HOLD two molecules together

Question 51

How is a hydrogen bond formed?

Answer 51

First, you need 2 polar covalent bonds. The H bond is then formed by the attraction between the partial positive charge of one atom to the partial negative charge of the other atom

Question 52

What is the weakest bond?

Answer 52

H bond

Question 53

Is there always one H bond?

Answer 53

NO, there are always multiple H bonds

Question 54

How is a H bond represented?

Answer 54

-O-H IIIIIII O the vertical lines between the atoms

Question 55

What does it mean to be "ionized"?

Answer 55

An atom gains or loses electrons