chemistry Flashcards
(18 cards)
what are the first 20 elements of the periodic table
hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, flourine, neon, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium, calcium
what are the group 1 elements in order
lets- lithium, stop- sodium, playing- potassium, really- rubidium, cringey- caesium, films- francium
what are the group 2 elements in order
blue- beryllium
monkeys-magnesium
cook-calcium
spaghetti- strontium
bolognese- barium
repeatedly-radium
main halogens in order
flourine, chlorine, bromine ,iodine
what is another name for group 7
group 17 or halogens
what is the reactivity series
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
CARBON
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
HYDROGEN
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum
what does it mean if the element in the reactivity series is lower than carbon?
Metals lower than Carbon in the reactivity series can be extracted by reduction using Carbon - an example of a redox reaction
what does it mean if the element in the reactivity series is higher than carbon?
Metals higher than Carbon are extracted by electrolysis of molten compounds
flame tests
Lithium (Li+) Crimson
Sodium (Na+) Yellow
Potassium (K+) Lilac (pale violet)
Calcium (Ca2+) Red
Barium (Ba2+) Green
Gas Tests
Hydrogen
Place a lighted splint into the test tube. If the gas ignites and gives a ‘pop’ sound, it means that there was hydrogen gas in the test tube.
Oxygen
Place a glowing splint into the test tube. If oxygen gas is present, it will reignite the flame.
Chlorine
Place damp blue litmus paper into the test tube. It will turn red and then be bleached white.
metal ion test with hydroxide
Calcium Ca2+ Ca(OH)2 White
Copper (II) Cu2+ Cu(OH)2 Blue
Iron (II) Fe2+ Fe(OH)2 Green
Iron (III) Fe3+ Fe(OH)3 Brown
Aluminium Al3+ Al(OH)3 –> Al(OH)4- (aq) White –> colourless[1]
Magnesium Mg2+ Mg(OH)2 White
what takes place at the negative and positive electrode
cathode (negative)- reduction
anode (positive)- oxidation
electrolysis of aqueous solution rules
if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen the hydrogen will be reduced at the cathode.
at the anode, oxygen is produced unless its a halogen
tell me about the types of radiation
Beta particles are fast moving electrons with a large deflection in an electric field. Beta particles may be stopped by thin sheets of metal or plastic. Alpha particles are helium nuclei, stopped by paper. Gamma rays have weak ionising ability, stopped by a few inches of lead.
definition of oxidation
loss of electrons and hydrogen, gain of oxygen
trends down group 17
the melting and boiling points increase. and reactivity of the halogens decreases
trends down group 1
The reactivity of group 1 elements increases as you go down the group and Both the melting and boiling points decrease down the group
salt solubility
potasssium, sodium and ammonium all soluble, nitrates soluble, chlorides soluble except barium and lead, sulfate soluble except silver, lead and calcium, hydroxides and carbonates insoluble except for the ones you mentioned previously.
