chemistry!

Question 1

What is an ion

Answer 1

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Question 2

What is metallic bonding

Answer 2

Force of attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 3

What is covalent bonding

Answer 3

A shared pair of electrons between two non metals

Question 4

What is an ionic bond

Answer 4

Strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 5

What features do giant covalent bonds have?

Answer 5

Strong bonds
High melting and boiling points

Question 6

What are the features of small molecules

Answer 6

Weak forces
Low melting and boiling points

Question 7

In metallic bonding, delocalised electrons are free to ____

Answer 7

Move

Question 8

In metallic bonding, metals ____ electrons to form ______ ions

Answer 8

Lose
Positive

Question 9

In ionic bonding, metals _______ electrons to form _____ ions. Non-metals _____ electrons to form ________ ions

Answer 9

Lose to gain positive ions
Gain to form negative ions

Question 10

What are small molecules?

Answer 10

A small group of atoms sharing electrons

Question 11

What are giant structures

Answer 11

Many atoms sharing electrons

Question 12

Why are metals soft?

Answer 12

They have giant metallic lattices.
They have rows or ions that can slide ( as they are malleable )

Question 13

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 13

Strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
Large amounts of thermal energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic attraction.

Question 14

What type of compound is calcium oxide

Answer 14

A base

Question 15

Explain why sodium chloride has a high melting point

Answer 15

Because it has a strong electrostatic attraction between sodium and chlorine atoms. And also requires a lot of energy to break IONIC bonds.

Question 16

How do all of the bonds work?

Answer 16

Ionic - donates electrons to another atom
Metallic - transfers electrons
Covalent - share electrons between atoms

Question 17

A double bond is ______ because it would take _____ energy to break.

Answer 17

Is STRONGER because it would take MORE energy to break.

Question 18

how can you make a conductor?

Answer 18

Melting the solid - the charges inside are able to move and can move freely ( charges have to move to create a conductor ).

Question 19

How many elements is in HCl?

Answer 19

2 elements - H ( hydrogen ) and Cl ( chlorine )

Question 20

What is ployethene? (Eg)

Answer 20

The monomer ethene repeated together ‘n’ times - turned into a polymer

Question 21

Does diamond conduct electricity

Answer 21

No because it has no delocalized electrons, delocalised electrons conduct heat and electricity.

Question 22

How does each bond, bond with other atoms?

Answer 22

Ionic-donates electrons to the other atom Metallic
Covalent-shares electrons with the other atom
Metallic-transfer electrons to the other atom

Question 23

What is polyethene?

Answer 23

The monomer ethene repeated together ‘n’ times ( forming a polymer )

Question 24

How does lithium and fluorine form lithium fluoride?

Answer 24

Lithium atom donates 1 electron the the fluorine atom. This forms a lithium ion Li+ and a fluoride ion F-. There is an ionic bond between ions of opposite charges

Question 25

How can you make a conductor?

Answer 25

By charges having to move - to do this you melt the solid, so the charges inside are able to move ( and ions can move freely )

Question 26

Properties of simple molecules:

Answer 26

Poor conductors of electricity as there are no free electrons to carry the charge Have low melting and boiling points

Question 27

What is a simple molecule bonded by

Answer 27

Covalent bonding

Question 28

What is a simple molecule

Answer 28

Are compounds made up of molecules that contain just a few atoms covalently bonded together

Question 29

How does copper allow the conduction of thermal energy?

Answer 29

Because copper has delocalised electrons which transfer energy and move through the giant structure to conduct

Question 30

Electrostatic forces of attraction between positive ( metal ) ions and negative ( non metal ) ions are caused by?

Answer 30

By the transfer of electrons

Question 31

Properties of a metallic bond:

Answer 31

Metal ions are positive They contain delocalised electrons They conduct heat and energy

Question 32

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 32

Because they have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons. They have large amines of thermal energy needed to overcome the electrostatic attraction

Question 33

Why are metals soft

Answer 33

They have rows of ions that can slide - because they are malleable They have a giant metallic lattice which is made of metal

Question 34

What do delocalised electrons conduct?

Answer 34

Heat and electricity

Question 35

Property of ionic compounds

Answer 35

Strong electrostatic force between opposite charges A lot of attraction Requires a lot of energy to break High melting and boiling points

Question 36

Why does sodium chloride have a high melting point

Answer 36

Has a strong electrostatic force of attraction between sodium and chlorine atoms, many attractions and requires a lot of energy to break ionic bonds.