Chemistry Flashcards
(14 cards)
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in a neutral lithium atom (Li, atomic number 3, mass number 7)?
Protons = 3, Neutrons = 4, Electrons = 3.
How does ionic bonding work?
A metal donates electrons to a non-metal, forming positive and negative ions attracted by electrostatic forces.
Why do group 1 metals get more reactive down the group?
More electron shells = weaker attraction between nucleus and outer electron, so it’s easier to lose.
Name 3 factors that increase the rate of a reaction.
Higher temperature, increased concentration/pressure, and use of a catalyst.
What are the three subatomic particles and their charges?
Proton: +1 charge, in nucleus.
Neutron: 0 charge, in nucleus.
Electron: -1 charge, orbits nucleus.
What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?
Atomic number = Number of protons.
Mass number = Number of protons + neutrons.
Why do noble gases (Group 0) not react?
They have full outer shells, so they are stable.
What is an ionic bond?
A metal loses electrons, a non-metal gains electrons → strong electrostatic attraction.
What is a covalent bond?
Two non-metals share electrons to form a strong bond.
What is a metallic bond?
A lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
What are the properties of solids, liquids, and gases?
Solids: Fixed shape, strong bonds, particles vibrate.
Liquids: No fixed shape, medium energy, particles slide past each other.
Gases: No fixed shape or volume, weak/no bonds, particles move freely.
What are two methods of separating mixtures?
Filtration (separates insoluble solids from liquids).
Distillation (separates liquids with different boiling points).
What is the formula for relative formula mass (Mr)?
Add up the Ar (atomic masses) of all atoms in a compound.
What is a mole?
A unit of measurement for substances (1 mole = 6.02 × 10²³ particles).
