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NMAT Review > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

This deck covers General Chemistry, Stoichiometry, Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry (89 cards)

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1
Q

This term describes matter, its properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy that accompany those processes.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

This refers to the application of the principles of chemistry for practical use.

A

Chemical Technology

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3
Q

Anything that occupies space, and has mass

A

Matter

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4
Q

Three primary states of matter

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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5
Q

A class of matter with a uniform and fixed composition; cannot be separated by physical means

A

Pure Substances

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6
Q

A class of matter that is always made of the same type of particles

A

Pure Substances

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7
Q

A type of pure substance composed of atoms with exactly the same positive charge on their nuclei

A

Element

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8
Q

A type of pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

A

Element

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9
Q

A type of pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

A

Element

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10
Q

A class of elements that are malleable, ductile, lustrous, and mostly solid at room temperature

A

Metals

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11
Q

Metal + Metal

A

Alloy

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12
Q

Metal + Nonmetal

A

Ionic Compound or Salts

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13
Q

Metals tend to [lose / gain] electrons in reactions (forming positive ions or cations)

A

Lose

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14
Q

A class of elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle when solid, and dull

A

Nonmetals

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15
Q

Nonmetals tend to [lose / gain] electrons in reactions (forming negative ions or anions)

A

Gain (or Share)

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16
Q

Nonmetal + Nonmetal

A

Covalent Compound

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17
Q

A class of elements that have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals; can be shiny like metals but brittle like nonmetals; some are semiconductors

A

Metalloids or Semimetals

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18
Q

Fe, Cu, Au, and Al are examples of which class of elements?

A

Metals

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19
Q

O, S, Cl, and C are examples of which class of elements?

A

Nonmetals

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20
Q

Si, As, B, and Sb are examples of which class of elements?

A

Metalloids or Semimetals

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21
Q

A pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined

A

Compounds

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22
Q

[True / False] Compounds have fixed ratios and unique properties

A

True

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23
Q

[True / False] Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by mechanical and physical means

A

False (Compounds can be broken down by chemical means only)

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24
Q

Compounds that involve the transfer of electrons

A

Ionic Compounds (Metal + Nonmetal)

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25
NaCl, CaCl2, and MgO are examples of which type of compound?
Ionic
26
Compounds that involve the sharing of electrons
Covalent Compounds
27
H2O, CO2, CH4, and NH3 are examples of which type of compounds?
Covalent
28
Compounds that release H+ in water
Acids
29
Compounds that release OH- in water
Bases
30
Compounds that have a sour tase, have a pH less than 7, and turns blue litmus red
Acids
31
Compounds that have a bitter taste, slippery feel, pH greater than 7, and turns red litmus blue
Bases
32
HCl, H2SO4, and CH3COOH are examples of what compound?
Acids
33
NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and NH3 are examples of what compound?
Bases
34
A compound that donates H+ ions (protons) in a solution
Acids
35
Compounds that accept H+ ions (protons) or donate OH- ions
Bases
36
[True / False] In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors
True
37
In the Lewis definition, a/an [acid / base] can accept an electron pair
Acid
38
These compounds are formed when an acid reacts with a base (neutralization reaction)
Salts
39
Compounds composed of oxygen atoms combined with other elements
Oxides
40
Metal Atom + Oxygen
Metallic Oxide (Basic Oxides)
41
Nonmetal Atom + Oxygen
Nonmetal Oxides (Acidic Oxides)
42
Oxides that react with both acids and bases
Amphoteric Oxides
43
Oxides that do not react with acids or bases
Neutral Oxides
44
A classification of matter that contains two or more substances that intermingle without being chemically combined
Mixtures
45
This classification of matter have components that could be separated by either physical or chemical means
Mixtures
46
Mixtures that have a uniform composition, or components are not visible
Homogenous Mixtures (Solutions)
47
Mixtures that have a non-uniform composition, or components are visibly distinct
Heterogenous Mixtures
48
Properties of matter that can be observed without changing the substance's identity
Physical Properties
49
Properties of matter that can be observed when the substance undergoes a chemical change
Chemical Properties
50
What property of matter refers to its visible hue or shade
Color
51
What property of matter refers to the smell of the substance
Odor
52
What property of matter refers to the mass per unit volume
Density
53
What property of matter refers to the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Melting Point
54
What property of matter refers to the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas
Boiling Point
55
What property of matter refers to its ability to dissolve in another substance
Solubility
56
What property of matter refers to its amount in an object
Mass
57
What property of matter refers to the amount of space that it occupies
Volume
58
What property of matter refers to the number of charged particles it contains
Electric Charge
59
This is a measure of the quantity of atoms, molecules, or particles in a substance
Mole
60
What property of matter refers to its ability to catch fire and burn
Flammability
61
What property of matter refers to its tendency to react with other substances
Reactivity
62
What property of matter refers to how acidic or basic a substance is
pH Level
63
What property of matter refers to its ability to corrode or destroy materials
Corrosiveness
64
What property of matter refers to its reactivity with oxygen
Oxidation
65
What property of matter refers to its harmfulness on organisms
Toxicity
66
The process of a solid turning into a liquid due to an increase in temperature
Melting
67
The process of a liquid turning into a solid due to a decrease in temperature
Vaporization
68
The process of a gas turning into a liquid due to a decrease in temperature
Condensation
69
The process of a solid turning directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state
Sublimation
70
The process of dividing a material into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition
Cutting
71
The process of breaking a substance into smaller particles
Crushing
72
The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution
Dissolving
73
The process of reducing the volume of a substance by applying pressure, increasing its density
Compressing
74
The process of mixing two immiscible substances with the help of an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion
Emulsification
75
A rapid reaction between a substance and oxygen, producing heat and light
Combustion (Burning)
76
A slow reaction of iron with oxygen and moisture, forming iron oxide
Rusting (Oxidation)
77
A series of chemical breakdowns of substances using enzymes and acids
Digestion
78
A chemical reaction where a compound breaks down into simpler substances
Decomposition
79
A process where microorganisms break down sugars anaerobically
Fermentation
80
A reaction where small molecules (monomers) chemically bond to form long chains (polymers)
Polymerization
81
A spontaneous process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation
Radioactive Decay
82
The process of splitting a heavy atomic nucleus into smaller, more stable nuclei
Nuclear Fission
83
The process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
Nuclear Fusion
84
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Isotope
85
A process that releases energy into the surroundings, usually in the form of heat (sometimes light)
Exothermic Change
86
This change in energy involves processes such as combustion, freezing, and condensation
Exothermic Change
87
A process that absorbs energy from the surroundings, often as heat
Endothermic Change
88
This change in energy involves processes such as melting and vaporization
Endothermic Change
89

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