CHEMISTRY

Question 1

anything that occupies space and mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

form of matter with a definite composition and distinct properties

Answer 2

substance

Question 3

water, ammonia, table sugar, gold, and oxygen are examples of what type of matter?

Answer 3

substance

Question 4

combination of two or more substances where the substances retain their distinct identities

Answer 4

mixture

Question 5

air, soft drinks, milk, and cement are examples of what type of matter?

Answer 5

mixture

Question 6

type of mixture where the composition is the same throughout

Answer 6

homogenous mixture

Question 7

type of mixture where the composition is not uniform

Answer 7

heterogenous mixture

Question 8

True or False: Mixtures can be separated through physical means.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

substance that cannot be further separated into simpler substances through chemical means

Answer 9

element

Question 10

substance composed of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions

Answer 10

compound

Question 11

True or False: Compounds can be separated through physical means.

Answer 11

False, chemical means

Question 12

three common states of matter?

Answer 12

solid, liquid, and gas

Question 13

state of matter where atoms or molecules are held close together in an orderly fashion with little freedom of motion

Answer 13

solid

Question 14

state of matter where atoms or molecules are close together but not held so rigidly in position and can move past one another

Answer 14

liquid

Question 15

state of matter where atoms or molecules are separated by large distances compared to the size of the atoms or molecules

Answer 15

gas

Question 16

temperature where solid becomes a liquid

Answer 16

melting point

Question 17

temperature where liquid becomes a gas

Answer 17

boiling point

Question 18

state of matter that behaves like a gas and can expand indefinitely; consists of high-energy particles (i.e. neutral atoms, electrons, ions)

Answer 18

plasma

Question 19

True or False: A plasma is strongly influenced by electrical and magnetic fields despite having an overall negative charge.

Answer 19

False, it has an overall charge of 0

Question 20

state of matter where the atom’s kinetic energy at a low enough temperature causes atoms to be condensed together

Answer 20

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)

Question 21

state of matter with the property of superfluidity and allows scientists to study quantum mechanics

Answer 21

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)

Question 22

property that can be measured without changing the composition or identity of a substance

Answer 22

physical property

Question 23

property that is observed when a chemical change is carried out

Answer 23

chemical property

Question 24

measured value of this property depends on how much matter is being considered

Answer 24

extensive property

Question 25

two examples of an extensive property

Answer 25

mass and volume

Question 26

measured value of this property is independent on how much matter is being considered

Answer 26

intensive property

Question 27

example of an intensive property

Answer 27

density

Question 28

hypotheses about the nature of matter according to Dalton's atomic theory

Answer 28

1. Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size, mass, and chemical properties. The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. 3. Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element. For any given compound, the atoms present are always in the same ratio. 4. A chemical reaction involves only the separation, combination, or rearrangement of atoms; it does not result in the creation or destruction of atoms.

Question 29

law that states that different samples of the same compounds always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass

Answer 29

Proust's law of definite proportions

Question 30

law that states that if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in rations of small whole numbers

Answer 30

law of multiple proportions

Question 31

law that states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed

Answer 31

law of conservation of mass

Question 32

basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination

Answer 32

atom

Question 33

the emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves

Answer 33

radiation

Question 34

device used to investigate radiation; led to the discovery of electrons

Answer 34

cathode ray tube

Question 35

atomic model that represents an atom as a uniform, positive sphere of matter in which electrons are embedded like raisins in a cake

Answer 35

"plum-pudding" model by Thompson

Question 36

proposed the existence of protons and a nucleus where all the atom's positive charges are concentrated

Answer 36

Ernest Rutherford

Question 37

How did Ernest Rutherford come up with the idea of the nucleus and the protons?

Answer 37

gold foil experiment

Question 38

SI unit used to express atomic and molecular dimensions

Answer 38

picometer (pm)

Question 39

1 pm = ? m

Answer 39

1 pm = 1 x 10^-12 m

Question 40

electrically neutral particles with a mass slightly greater than protons

Answer 40

neutrons

Question 41

discovered neutrons

Answer 41

James Chadwick

Question 42

rank the following from lightest to heaviest: protons, electrons, neutrons

Answer 42

electrons, protons, neutrons

Question 43

number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element

Answer 43

atomic number (Z)

Question 44

True or False: In a negatively charged atom, the atomic number also represents the number of electrons in the atom.

Answer 44

False, in a neutral atom

Question 45

True or False: The chemical identity of an atom can be determined from its atomic number.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 46

mass number (A) ***mass number = number of protons (Z) + number of neutrons

Question 47

collective term for protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Answer 47

nucleons

Question 48

True or False: All atomic nuclei contains both protons and neutrons.

Answer 48

False, hydrogen has one proton and no neutrons

Question 49

True or False: Not all atoms of an element have the same mass.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Answer 50

isotopes

Question 51

chart in which elements having similar chemical and physical properties are grouped together

Answer 51

periodic table

Question 52

horizontal and vertical rows in the periodic table are called?

Answer 52

periods and groups/families respectively

Question 53

three categories of elemets

Answer 53

metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Question 54

good conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 54

metal

Question 55

poor conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 55

nonmetal

Question 56

has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals

Answer 56

metalloids

Question 57

True or False: Majority of the elements are metals.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

collective term for group 1 elements and enumerate these elements

Answer 58

alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr

Question 59

collective term for group 2 elements and enumerate these elements

Answer 59

alkaline earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Question 60

collective term for group 17 elements and enumerate these elements

Answer 60

halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

Question 61

collective term for group 18 elements and enumerate these elements

Answer 61

noble or rare gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kn, Xe, Rn

Question 62

most abundant element of the earth's crust

Answer 62

oxygen

Question 63

most abundant element in the human body

Answer 63

oxygen

Question 64

True or False: Monatomic atoms consist of the halogens and exist in nature as single atoms.

Answer 64

False, ... consist of noble gases ...

Question 65

aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces or chemical bonds

Answer 65

molecule

Question 66

True or False: A molecule is a compound.

Answer 66

False, a molecule can have two of the same element while a compound needs to be a combination of different elements

Question 67

True or False: Molecules are electrically neutral.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

molecules that contain only two atoms (i.e. H2, N2, HCl, CO)

Answer 68

diatomic molecule

Question 69

elements that exist as diatomic molecules

Answer 69

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

Question 70

molecules containing more than two atoms (i.e. water, ozone, ammonia)

Answer 70

polyatomic molecules

Question 71

atom or group of atoms with a net positive or negative charge

Answer 71

ion

Question 72

True or False: The charge is dependent on the electrons.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

positively charged ion

Answer 73

cation

Question 74

negatively charged ion

Answer 74

anion

Question 75

compound formed from cations and anions (i.e. NaCl)

Answer 75

ionic compound

Question 76

ions with only one atom (i.e. Mg2+, Fe3+, S2-, N3-)

Answer 76

monatomic ions

Question 77

ions with more than one atom (i.e. OH-, CN-)

Answer 77

polyatomic ions

Question 78

check notes on chemical formulas :)

Answer 78

:) good?

Question 79

compounds containing carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfer

Answer 79

organic compounds

Question 80

compounds that are not organic compounds

Answer 80

inorganic compounds

Question 81

formula for aluminum

Answer 81

Al3+

Question 82

formula for ammonium

Answer 82

ammonium

Question 83

name of Ba2+

Answer 83

barium

Question 84

name of Cd2+

Answer 84

cadmium