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GenEd - Science and Technology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What is anything that occupies space and has mass?

A

Matter

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2
Q

What are the three common states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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3
Q

What state of matter has a definite shape and volume?

A

Solid

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4
Q

What state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?

A

Liquid

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5
Q

What state of matter has no definite shape or volume?

A

Gas

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6
Q

What is the smallest particle of an element?

A

Atom

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7
Q

What is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined?

A

Compound

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8
Q

What is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined?

A

Mixture

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9
Q

What kind of mixture has uniform composition throughout?

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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10
Q

What kind of mixture has a non-uniform composition?

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

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11
Q

What is the ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets?

A

Malleability

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12
Q

What is the ability of a substance to be drawn into wires?

A

Ductility

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13
Q

What is the measure of how much matter an object contains?

A

Mass

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14
Q

What is the measure of the amount of space an object occupies?

A

Volume

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15
Q

What is the density formula?

A

Density = Mass ÷ Volume

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16
Q

What property can be observed without changing the identity of a substance?

A

Physical Property

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17
Q

What property describes a substance’s ability to undergo changes into different substances?

A

Chemical Property

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18
Q

What type of change alters the form but not the composition?

A

Physical Change

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19
Q

What type of change results in the formation of new substances?

A

Chemical Change

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20
Q

What is the boiling point of water at sea level in Celsius?

A

100°C

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21
Q

Who proposed the atomic theory?

A

John Dalton

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22
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

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23
Q

Who discovered the nucleus of the atom?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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24
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

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25
What is the center of an atom called?
Nucleus
26
What are the three subatomic particles?
Proton, Neutron, Electron
27
What is the charge of a proton?
Positive
28
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
29
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral
30
What particle determines the identity of an element?
Proton
31
What is the total number of protons in an atom called?
Atomic Number
32
What is the sum of protons and neutrons called?
Mass Number
33
What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons called?
Isotopes
34
What is a horizontal row in the periodic table?
Period
35
What is a vertical column in the periodic table?
Group or Family
36
What is the most reactive group of metals?
Alkali Metals
37
What is the most reactive group of nonmetals?
Halogens
38
What group is unreactive and found in Group 18?
Noble Gases
39
What are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals?
Metalloids
40
What element is the lightest and most abundant in the universe?
Hydrogen
41
What is the force that holds atoms together in a compound?
Chemical Bond
42
What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent Bond
43
What type of bond involves the transfer of electrons?
Ionic Bond
44
What kind of bond exists between metal atoms?
Metallic Bond
45
What do we call the outermost electrons involved in bonding?
Valence Electrons
46
What is a positively charged ion called?
Cation
47
What is a negatively charged ion called?
Anion
48
What is the shorthand way to represent a chemical reaction?
Chemical Equation
49
What do we call the substances on the left side of a chemical equation?
Reactants
50
What do we call the substances on the right side of a chemical equation?
Products
51
What law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?
Law of Conservation of Mass
52
What type of reaction forms a single product from two reactants?
Synthesis Reaction
53
What type of reaction breaks a compound into simpler substances?
Decomposition Reaction
54
What is a reaction where one element replaces another in a compound?
Single Replacement
55
What reaction involves the exchange of elements between two compounds?
Double Replacement
56
What type of reaction produces heat and light?
Combustion Reaction
57
What is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up?
Catalyst
58
What is the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction?
Activation Energy
59
What do we call a chemical equation with equal numbers of atoms on both sides?
Balanced Equation
60
What do we use to balance a chemical equation?
Coefficients
61
What is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances?
Solution
62
What is the substance that dissolves the solute?
Solvent
63
What is the substance being dissolved?
Solute
64
What is the universal solvent?
Water
65
What type of solution contains the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature?
Saturated Solution
66
What type of solution contains less solute than it can hold?
Unsaturated Solution
67
What type of solution holds more solute than usual at a given temperature?
Supersaturated Solution
68
What term describes how well a solute dissolves in a solvent?
Solubility
69
What are substances that release H⁺ ions in water?
Acids
70
What are substances that release OH⁻ ions in water?
Bases
71
What is the pH of a neutral solution like pure water?
7
72
What is the pH range of acids?
Below 7
73
What is the pH range of bases?
Above 7
74
What is the term for a substance that changes color depending on pH?
Indicator
75
What indicator turns red in acids and blue in bases?
Litmus Paper
76
What acid is found in the stomach?
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
77
What base is found in many cleaning products?
Ammonia (NH₃)
78
What process occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt?
Neutralization
79
What is the product of HCl and NaOH?
NaCl and H₂O (salt and water)
80
What tool measures the pH of a solution?
pH Meter
81
What law states that pressure and volume are inversely related?
Boyle’s Law
82
What law relates volume and temperature directly?
Charles’ Law
83
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Pascal (Pa)
84
What is the temperature scale used in gas laws?
Kelvin
85
What is the value of standard temperature in Kelvin?
273 K
86
What is the process of a solid changing directly into gas?
Sublimation
87
What is the process of gas changing into liquid?
Condensation
88
What is the energy required to change a solid into a liquid?
Heat of Fusion
89
What is the energy required to change a liquid into gas?
Heat of Vaporization
90
What is the random motion of particles in a gas called?
Brownian Motion
91
What branch of chemistry studies carbon-containing compounds?
Organic Chemistry
92
What type of organic compound is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a 2:1 H:O ratio?
Carbohydrates
93
What type of macromolecule is used to store genetic information?
Nucleic Acids
94
What macromolecules are made of amino acids?
Proteins
95
What organic compounds are made of fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipids
96
What type of organic molecule speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms?
Enzymes
97
What simple sugar is the main source of energy in the body?
Glucose
98
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
99
What is the process by which plants convert light energy to chemical energy?
Photosynthesis
100
What is the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll

GenEd - Science and Technology (5 decks)

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