Chemistry 2 - Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
(87 cards)
What are ions?
Charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to get a full outer shell.
What charge does a metal ion have when it loses electrons?
Positive (cation).
What charge does a non-metal ion have when it gains electrons?
Negative (anion).
Group 1 elements forms what ions?
1+ ions
Group 2 elements forms what ions?
2+ ions
Group 6 elements form what ions?
2- ions
Group 7 elements form what ions?
1- ions
What is ionic bonding?
The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Dot and cross Diagrams
What type of structure do ionic compounds form?
A giant ionic lattice.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Due to many strong electrostatic forces between ions requiring large amounts of energy to break.
Can solid ionic compounds conduct electricity? Why or why not?
No, because the ions are fixed in place and cannot move.
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
When melted or dissolved in water, because the ions are free to move and carry current.
What is an example of an ionic compound and the ions that form it?
Sodium chloride (NaCl): Na⁺ and Cl⁻.
Finding out the empirical formula in a dot and cross diagram?
Count up how many atoms there are of each element and write this down to give you the empirical formula
Finding out the empirical formula in a 3D diagram?
Drop, swap method
What is covalent bonding?
Sharing pairs of electrons between non-metal atoms.
Atoms only share electrons in their what shell?
Outer shell
What holds atoms together in a covalent bond?
The attraction between the shared electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
Dot and cross diagrams in covalent bonds
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
What are simple molecular substances?
Substances made of molecules with a few atoms joined by covalent bonds.
Name examples of simple molecular substances.
Hydrogen (H₂), chlorine (Cl₂), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), methane (CH₄), water (H₂O), hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Why do simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?
Because of weak intermolecular forces, which are easily overcome.