Chemistry 2025 Flashcards
e (29 cards)
What are some general properties of metals?
Metals are typically shiny (lustrous), good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, and solid at room temperature (except mercury).
What are some general properties of non-metals?
Non-metals are usually dull, poor conductors, brittle, and can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
What are some general properties of metalloids?
Metalloids have properties that are intermediate between metals and non-metals. They can be semi-conductors and may be shiny but brittle.
Give three examples of metals.
Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Aluminium (Al)
Give three examples of non-metals.
Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Carbon (C)
Give three examples of metalloids.
Silicon (Si), Boron (B), Arsenic (As)
Where are metals found on the periodic table?
On the left and center side of the periodic table.
Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?
On the right side (excluding the noble gases).
Where are metalloids found on the periodic table?
Along the stair-step line between metals and non-metals (e.g., between groups 13–17).
Why is copper used in electrical wiring?
Because it is a very good conductor of electricity and is ductile.
Why is silicon used in electronics?
Because it is a semiconductor, making it ideal for controlling electrical currents in devices.
Why is carbon (as graphite) used in pencils?
It is soft and slippery, allowing it to leave marks on paper.
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
What is the charge and location of a proton?
Positive charge (+1); located in the nucleus.
What is the charge and location of a neutron?
No charge (neutral); located in the nucleus.
What is the charge and location of an electron?
Negative charge (−1); located in electron shells (orbitals) surrounding the nucleus.
What is the main limitation of the Bohr model of the atom?
It shows electrons in fixed orbits, which isn’t accurate—electrons actually exist in cloud-like orbitals, not fixed paths.
Why are atomic models still useful even if they’re not fully accurate?
They help visualize and explain atomic structure and behavior, even if they are simplified versions of reality.
What does the modern quantum model say about electrons?
Electrons occupy probability regions (orbitals) around the nucleus, not fixed orbits.
What is an element?
A substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
What does the atomic number of an element tell you?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What does the atomic mass (or mass number) represent?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
How is an element represented on the periodic table?
By its symbol (e.g., H for Hydrogen), name, atomic number, and atomic mass.
What are groups on the periodic table?
Vertical columns that contain elements with similar chemical properties (e.g., Group 1 = Alkali metals).
