Chemistry! 2025 EoY Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
sign of a chemical reaction (8)
A
1colour change
gas produced
sound
smell
light given off
temp change
new substance formed
irreversible
2
Q
sign of a physical change (2)
A
no new substance
usually reversible
3
Q
solid —> gas
A
sublimation
4
Q
solid –> liquid
A
melting
5
Q
liquid –> solid
A
freezing
6
Q
gas–> solid
A
deposition
7
Q
liquid –> gas
A
evaporation
8
Q
gas–> liquid
A
condensation
9
Q
how to draw a solid diagram
A
ALL particles are touching
particles are in NEAT, STRAIGHT ROWS
particles are the same size
10
Q
how to draw a gas diagram
A
Particles are NOT touching
Particles are in a RANDOM arrangement (everywhere)
particles are the same size
11
Q
How to draw a liquid diagram
A
START FROM THE BOTTOM
particles are the same size
particles are in Random arrangement
Particles are still slightly touching
12
Q
testing for water: chemical test
A
anhydrous copper sulphate
anhydrous copper sulphate–> hydrated copper sulphate (if water is here)
white–> blue
13
Q
physical test for water
A
Measure boiling point
should be 100 degrees celsius. If not, then not pure.
14
Q
atom
A
smallest part of an element
15
Q
element
A
only one type of atom
16
Q
molecule
A
two or more ATOMS CHEMICALLY BONDED
17
Q
compound
A
two or more DIFFERENT ELEMENTS CHEMICALLY BONDED
18
Q
what are diatomic elements?
A
Elements that form molecules of two atoms
19
Q
diatomic elements? (8)
A
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
FLUORINE
CHLORINE
BROMINE
IODINE
ASTATINE
HYDROGEN
20
Q
Mixture
A
Two or more SUBSTANCES NOT CHEMICALLY BONDED ( can be separated)
21
Q
metalloid
A
non-metal that has metal properties
22
Q
metal properties (7)
A
solid
shiny
HIGH MELTING POINT
good ELECTRICAL conductors
good THERMAL conductors
sonorous
malleable
23
Q
non- metals properties (5)
A
Dull
poor Thermal conductor
soft
poor electrical conductor
low melting point
24
Q
(s)
A
solid
25
(l)
liquid
26
(g)
gas
27
(aq)
aqueous (dissolved in water)
28
what does pure mean
only one type of substance
29
impure meaning?
more than one type of substance
30
iron properties? (4)
solid
grey
magentic
powder
31
sulphur properties (4)
solid
yellow
powder
non magnetic
32
diffusion?
diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
33
solvent
the liquid that dissolves the solid
34
soluble
can be dissolved (in a certain solvent)
35
saturated
no more solid will dissolve
36
solute
solid that dissolves in a solvent
37
insoluble
can not be dissolved
38
solution
mixture of solvent and solute
39
suspension
solid spread out in a solution
40
what is solubility
a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a certain volume of solvent
41
usual volume of solvent for solubility
g per 100g
42
under the solubility curve
unsaturated
43
over the solubility curve
super saturated
44
on the solubility curve
saturated
45
how would you seperate dissolved water and salt
evaporation, crystallisation
46
how would you seperate a mixture of inks
chromotography
47
how would you seperate ethanol and water
distillation
48
how would you seperate sand and water
filtration
49
separate salt FROM water ( want the salt)
crystallisation
50
whats in the atoms nucleus
protons and neutrons
51
another name for shells
energy levels
52
what is most of the atom made up of
NOT AIR, empty space
53
what makes an element an element e.g what makes nitrogen, nitrogen
number of protons
54
RELATIVE MASS of a proton
1
55
RELATIVE MASS of a neutron
1
56
RELATIVE MASS of a electron
1/2000 OR 0.0005
57
RELATIVE CHARGE of a proton
+1
58
RELATIVE CHARGE of a neutron
0
59
RELATIVE CHARGE of a electron
-1
60
why are atoms neutral
number of protons and electrons are equal
61
atomic number?
number of protons
62
mass number?
protons AND neutrons
63
which ones the mass number
TOP NUMBER
64
which ones the atomic number
BOTTOM NUMBER
65
isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
66
physical properties of an isotope
different masses
67
chemical properties of an isotope
same electron configuration
68
what is relative atomic mass (RAM)
average mass of an atom including its isotopes and abundance
69
groups in the periodic table mean....
number of electrons in outer shell
70
periods in the period table mean...
number of shells
71
groups go...
down
72
periods go
along from the right (dont forget hydrogen)
73
what is the charge of the nucleus
positive
74
electrons are the same as what in an atom
protons
75
full outer shell =?
Atom is stable meaning its unreactive
76
the less electrons lost/ gained =
=the more reactive the element
77
ion
a charged particle (atom that has lost/ gained electrons)
78
why do atoms form ions
to gain a full outer shell and become stable
79
difference between an atom and ion
atoms are neutral
ions are charged
80
difference between an atom and ion
atoms are neutral
ions are charged
81
which group in the periodic table will not form ions
group 8 or 0 (same column at the end) already stable, called noble gases
82
group 4 is what as in stability
semi-stable
83
oilrig
OXIDATION
IS
LOSS
REDUCTION
IS
GAIN (of electrons
84
ionic COMPOUNDS
ionic compounds form between metals and non metals
85
ionic BOND
an ionic bond is the strong electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative ions
86
formula for magnesium oxide
MgO
87
formula for sodium oxide
Na(small 2) O
88
what structure to ionic compounds form
a giant ionic lattice
89
properties of ionic compounds (2)
High melting point- strong electrostatic attraction =, a lot of energy
hard- strong electrostatic attraction
90
when are ionic compounds conductive
solid- not conductive, ions not free to move
solution (dissolved)/ molten- conductive + ions free to move
91
when are ionic compounds soluble
soluble in water- ions attracted to water molecules
insoluble in organic solvents- not attracted to organic molecules
92
what is an indicator
a chemical that changes colour to tell you about the pH of a substance
93
acidic (sulphuric acid) + methyl orange
red
94
acidic (sulphuric acid) + phenolphthalein
colourless
95
acidic (sulphuric acid) + universal indicator
red
96
acidic (sulphuric acid) + blue litmus paper
red
97
acidic (sulphuric acid) + red litmus paper
red
98
Neutral (distilled water) + methyl orange
yellow
99
Neutral (distilled water) + phenolphthalein
colourless
100
Neutral (distilled water) + universal indicator
green
101
Neutral (distilled water) + blue litmus paper
blue
102
Neutral (distilled water) + red litmus paper
red
103
alkaline (sodium hydroxide) + methyl orange
yellow
104
alkaline (sodium hydroxide) + phenolphthalein
pink
105
alkaline (sodium hydroxide) + universal indicator
blue
106
alkaline (sodium hydroxide) + blue litmus paper
blue
107
alkaline (sodium hydroxide) + red litmus paper
blue
108
why is red litmus paper not a good way of determining if a substance is acidic
stays red in acid and neutral
109
how would you use litmus paer to determine if something is neutral
use both red and blue litmus paper
110
what is another problem with litmus paper
doesnt give an idea on how acidic (pH) the substance is
111
percentage of nitrogen
78%
112
percentage of oxygen
21%
113
percentage of argon
0.9%
114
percentage of carbon dioxide
0.035%
115
iron rusting is..
iron reacting with oxygen
116
word equation for rusting
iron + oxygen—-> iron oxide
117
test for oxygen
put a glowing splint in the gas and it'll relight if its oxygen
118
what is combustion
when a substance reacts with oxygen
119
whats the fire triangle
oxygen, heat, fuel
120
element + oxygen-->
element oxide
121
non-metals form..
dioxides e.g. carbon + oxygen--> carbon dioxide
122
metals form...
metal oxides e.g. calcium + oxygen--> calcium oxide
123
magnesium + oxygen--->
magnesium oxide
bright white light
white powder formed
124
hydrogen + oxygen-->
water
squeaky pop
125
sulfur + oxygen-->
sulfur dioxide
blue flame
126
metal oxides are what solution
metal oxides= alkali solution
127
non-metal oxides are what solution
non metal dioxides= acidic solution
128
hydrochloric acid
HCl
129
sulphuric acid
H2SO4
130
nitric acid
HNO3
131
phosphoric acid
H3PO4
132
acids are what
H+ donors
133
bases are what
H+ acceptors
134
alkalis are what
OH- donors
135
combustion: carbon test
orange sparks
136
combustion: iron test
orange flame
137
magnesium- what solution
very slightly alkali solution
138
sulfur- what solution
very acidic solution
139
sodium hydroxide
NaOH
140
potassium hydroxide
KOH
141
ammonium hydroxide
NH4OH
142
alkalis are what bases
are soluble bases
143
the term salt?
an ionic compound produced in a chemical reaction
144
acid + base (alkali)-->
acid + base (alkali)--> water + salt
145
base and acid method (7)
1.Heat the acid (speeds up the reaction)
2.add base while stirring until no more disappear
3. filter out the excess base
4.transfer the solution to an evaporating basin
5. heat until crystals jus begin to form
6. leave to crystallise
7.filter/pick out crystals then pat dry with filter paper
146
to get crystals (4)
1.transfer the solution to an evaporating basin
2. heat until crystals jus begin to form
3. leave to crystallise
4.filter/pick out crystals then pat dry with filter paper
147
colour of crystals
blue (copper oxide)
148
what is the neutralisation reaction
acid+ base
149
what ph/ color would acid + base be
green 7, because all the acid has been used up
150
acid + metal carbonate--->
acid + metal carbonate---> salt+ water+ carbon dioxide
151
what is precipitate
precipitate is an insoluble solid that forms in a solution
