Chemistry Flashcards
(15 cards)
Isotope
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Empirical formula
Simplest (whole number) ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
Molecular formula
Actual numbers of atoms of each element present in a compound whole number multiple of empirical formula
Hybridization
Combining of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals/OWTTE)
Buffer solution
Resists change in pH when small amounts of a strong base/strong acid/water are added to it
A buffer solution is resistant yo changes in pH on the addition of small amounts of acid or alkali
Isomer
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms
The standard enthalpy change of formation ΔHfO
A substance is the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of the substance is formed from its elements in their standard states under standard conditions of 298K abd 1.00 x 105
Equilibrium
The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction
Le Chatelier’s primciple
A system at equilibrium when subjected to a change will respond in such a way as to minimise the effect of the change
Vapour pressure
Equilibrium vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapour on its liquid when the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation
Enthalpy of vaporisation
The Enthalpy of vaporisation is defined as the energy required to convert one mole of a substance in its liquid state into mole
Oxidation and Reduction
Oxidation: Is the loss of electron
Reduction: Is the gain of electron
OIL RIG
Redox reaction
A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which changes in the oxidation number occur
Oxidation occurs when there is an increase in oxidation number of an element, reduction occurs when there is a decrease in oxidation number of an element
Oxidising agent and Reducing agent
Oxidising agent:
Equilibrium vapour pressure
Equilibrium vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapour on its liquid when the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation.
