Chemistry 4, 5, 6 Questions

Question 1

What’s the mass of an electron?

Answer 1

0.0005/0

Question 2

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 2

No charge

Question 3

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 3

Negative

Question 4

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

What is the atomic number?

Answer 6

The amount of protons in an atom

Question 7

What is the mass number?

Answer 7

The amount of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 8

What group will an element with the electronic configuration 2,8,8 be in?

Answer 8

Group 0

Question 9

What group will an element with an electronic configuration 2,8,2 be in?

Answer 9

Group 2

Question 10

What did JJ Thompson discover?

Answer 10

He discovered the electrons

Question 11

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Answer 11

He discovered that atoms have a central nucleus

Question 12

What did Niels Bohr discover?

Answer 12

He developed the idea of Rutherford and said that electrons occupy particular shells around the nucleus of an atom.

Question 13

What are isotopes?

Answer 13

They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Question 14

The elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing what?

Answer 14

Proton number

Question 15

How many electrons does an element of 2,8,5 have?

Answer 15

15

Question 16

Why do simple molecular substances have weak intermolecular bonds?

Answer 16

Their melting and boiling points are very low, because the molecules are easily parted from each other.

Question 17

What are the group one metals also known as?

Answer 17

The alkali metals

Question 18

As you go down group one, what happens to the elements?

Answer 18

They become more reactive because the outer electron is further away from the nucleus, so less energy is needed to remove it.

Question 19

What are the group 7 elements also known as?

Answer 19

The halogens

Question 20

When a metal reacts with a halogen to form salts, what are they called?

Answer 20

Metal halides

Question 21

How do you calculate the number of moles in a given mass?

Answer 21

Mass in g divided by the Mr of the element

Question 22

What is the Relative Atomic Mass?

Answer 22

The average mass of an atom of the element compared to the mass of 1/12th of an atom of Carbon-12

Question 23

What is a Titration?

Answer 23

They allow you to find out exactly how much acid is needed to neutralise a quantity of alkali (or vice versa).

Question 24

What is meant by equilibrium?

Answer 24

When the forward reaction goes at exactly the same rate as the backwards reaction.

A + B ⇌ C + D

Question 25

What does it mean if equilibrium lies to the right?

Answer 25

If equilibrium lies to the right, this means that the concentration of the products is higher than the reactants.

Question 26

What 3 things affects the positioning of equilibrium?

Answer 26

Temperature, Pressure and Concentration

Question 27

What is the Contact Process used for?

Answer 27

To make Sulfuric Acid

Question 28

What is an example of a strong acid and how is it different from a weak acid?

Answer 28

Hydrochloric/Nitric/Sulfuric. Strong acids ionise completely in water and lots of H* ions are released.

Question 29

What are Spectator Ions?

Answer 29

They don't change during the reaction. They were in the reactants and still appeared in the products

Question 30

What do Precipitation reactions involve?

Answer 30

Two solutions reacting to make an insoluble substance

Question 31

What is the word equation for rust?

Answer 31

iron + oxygen + water → hydrated iron (III) oxide

Question 32

What methods can you use to prevent rusting?

Answer 32

Painting, Oiling, Greasing, Tin plating, Galvanishing

Question 33

What is meant by Electrolysis?

Answer 33

The breaking down of a substance using electricity

Question 34

What are Cations and what are they attracted to?

Answer 34

They are positively charged ions and are attracted to the Cathode (negative electrode)

Question 35

In the formula to work out the amount of product formed during electrolysis, what do the letters stand for (Q = I x t)

Answer 35

Q = amount of charge (coulombs), I = Current (amps), t = time (seconds)

Question 36

What is a fuel cell?

Answer 36

An electrical that's supplied with a fuel and oxygen and uses energy from the reaction between them to produce electrical energy efficiently

Question 37

What are the advantages of Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells?

Answer 37

- More efficient than power stations - It has a direct energy transfer, so no turbines or generators etc - No moving parts, so energy isn't lost through friction - No pollution as the only product is water

Question 38

What are the disadvantages of Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells?

Answer 38

- Producing the hydrogen needs lots energy - The energy may have come from fossil fuels, which creates pollution - Disposing of the poisonous catalysts takes a lot of time and money and may cause environmental problems

Question 39

What is meant by a Free Radical?

Answer 39

When a covalent bond evenly breaks, resulting in each atom getting one of the shared electrons, e.g H-H → H• + H•. This makes it very reactive.

Question 40

What is hard water?

Answer 40

When scum (limescale) is formed instead of a lather with soap

Question 41

What two ions does hard water contain?

Answer 41

Calcium ions (Ca2+) and magnesium ions (Mg2+)

Question 42

How can you remove temporary hardness?

Answer 42

By boiling it

Question 43

What is the word equation for temporary hardness?

Answer 43

Carbon dioxide + Water + Calcium Carbonate > Calcium Hydrogencarbonate

Question 44

What three methods are used to filter water?

Answer 44

Filtration, Sedimentation and Chlorination

Question 45

What is Chlorination?

Answer 45

Chlorine gas, injected into the water, kills microbes.

Question 46

What is Sedimentation?

Answer 46

A chemical is added which causes tiny solid particles (which would pass through a filter) to clump together into larger particles. These can then be allowed to settle out or may be filtered.

Question 47

What is Filtration?

Answer 47

The water is sprayed onto specially prepared layers of sand and gravel. As it trickles through, different sized insoluble solids are removed.