Chemistry Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
What is not an effect on the hydrogenation of vegetable oil?A.) Prolonged shelf lifeB.) Destruction of essential fatty acidsC.) Lower melting pointD.) Decreased iodine #
A
Lower melting point
2
Q
Which is a branch chain amino acid?A.) LeucineB.) PhenylalanineC.) TyrosineD.) Tryptophan
A
Leucine
3
Q
What substance supplies the main fuel to the brain?A.) FatB.) GlucoseC.) ProteinsD.) Ketones
A
Glucose
4
Q
Which of the following is not a ketone?A.) AcetoacetateB.) Beta hydroxybuyric acidC.) MevalonateD.) Acetone
A
Beta hydroxybuyric acid
5
Q
What is the quickest to become rancid?A.) ButterB.) FatC.) Coconut oilD.) Olive oil
A
Olive oil
6
Q
Which of the following is a precursor to prostaglandins?A.) EcosanoidsB.) TriacylglycerolsC.) SteroidsD.) Glycolipids
A
Ecosanoids
7
Q
What type of bond holds DNA strands together?A.) EsterB.) HC.) PeptideD.) S
A
H
8
Q
Which of the following is a pyrimidine?A.) GuanineB.) AlanineC.) AdenineD.) Uracil
A
Uracil
9
Q
Anaerobic Glycolysis yields how many ATP?A.) 0B.) 8C.) 6D.) 2
A
2
10
Q
Which vitamin is required for the uptake of Lipoproteins in the intestines?A.) CB.) B1C.) B5D.) K
A
K
11
Q
A deficiency of HMG CO-A will result in which of the following?A.) Decrease fat synthesisB.) Increased fat synthesisC.) Increased cholesterol synthesisD.) Decrease cholesterol synthesis
A
Decrease cholesterol synthesis
12
Q
Which of the following minerals is an antioxidant?A.) CopperB.) MagnesiumC.) SeleniumD.) Chromium
A
Selenium
13
Q
Which is the most active form of vitamin D?A.) 1, 25 DehydroxycalciferolB.) ErgocalciferolC.) 25 HydroxycalciferolD.) HMG CoA
A
1, 25 Dehydroxycalciferol
14
Q
Which of the following compounds is a component of NADH & NADPH?A.) PyroxidonineB.) RibflavinC.) NiacinD.) Biotin
A
Niacin
15
Q
Which of the following states produces the most fatty acids?A.) StarvationB.) High protein dietC.) High carbohydrate dietD.) High fat diet
A
High carbohydrate diet
16
Q
The build-up of cholesterol will inhibit?A.) BiotinB.) NiacinC.) PhosphofructokinaseD.) HMG CoA reductase
A
HMG CoA reductase
17
Q
In fatty acid biosynthesis, which of the following requires NADPH?A.) Ketoacyl synthaseB.) Ketoacyl reductaseC.) HydrataseD.) Acetyl CoA dehydrogenase
A
Ketoacyl reductase
18
Q
Which provides nicotinamide?A.) LysineB.) MethionineC.) SerotoninD.) Glycine
A
Serotonin
19
Q
Most cells can rapidly synthesize aspartate from?A.) MalateB.) OxaloacetateC.) CitrullineD.) Pyruvate
A
Oxaloacetate
20
Q
What depicts reverse transcription?A.) RNA to RNAB.) DNA to RNAC.) DNA to DNAD.) RNA to DNA
A
RNA to DNA
21
Q
What cycle contains coenzyme Q?A.) GlycolysisB.) TCAC.) Urea CycleD.) Electron transport chain
A
Electron transport chain
22
Q
What are components of triglycerides?A.) Cholesterol and Fatty AcidsB.) Cholesterol and PhospholipidsC.) Fatty acids and PhospholipidsD.) Fatty acids and glycerol
A
Fatty acids and glycerol
23
Q
Which of t eh following has a non-polar side?A.) AsparaginesB.) AlanineC.) GlutamineD.) Serine
A
Alanine
24
Q
Oxidation of FA yielding CO2 & H2O going through beta oxidation goes through?A.) TCA & GluconeogenesisB.) TCA & GlycolysisC.) Pentose phosphate pathway & TCAD.) TCA & Electron transport train
A
TCA & Electron transport chain
25
Following the action of lipoprotein lipase the very low density lipoprotein remnant becomes?A.) Free fatty acidB.) High density lipoproteinC.) Low density lipoproteinD.) All of the above
Low density lipoprotein
26
Which is the regulation enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis?A.) Xanthine oxidaseB.) PhosphofructokinaseC.) Lipoprotein lipaseD.) HMG CoA reductase
HMG CoA reductase
27
Due to liver storage and enteropathic recycling sings of a deficiency of what vitamin may not be visible for 5-6 years?A.) B12B.) B2C.) B6D.) B1
B12
28
Which of the following is a negative allosteric inhibitor?A.) ADPB.) Inorganic phosphateC.) ATPD.) AMP
ATP
29
Which of the following is not a natural triglyceride, but is present in hydrogenated triglycerides?A.) Trans-proteinsB.) Cis-fatty acidsC.) Trans-fatty acidsD.) Cis-proteins
Trans-fatty acids
30
Which of the following bonds are found in secondary protein structures?A.) HB.) PeptideC.) SD.) Ester
H
31
Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin?A.) LysineB.) PhenylalanineC.) SerotoninD.) Niacin
Serotonin
32
What type of bonds are between amino acids?A.) HB.) SC.) PeptideD.) Amide
Peptide
33
Which is the best source of dietary vitamin C?A.) Cereals and grainB.) Broccoli and fruitC.) Eggs and oilD.) Pork
Broccoli and fruit
34
Which are pyrimidines?A.) Adenine, guanineB.) Guanine, cytosineC.) Uracil, cytosineD.) Thiamine, adenine
Uracil, cytosine
35
Which is the limiting amino acid in grains?A.) LucineB.) LysineC.) MethionineD.) Lysine
Lysine
36
A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes which kind of anemia?A.) HyperchromicB.) PerniciousC.) HypochromicD.) Microcytic
Pernicious
37
The most efficient amount of protein is in?A.) EggsB.) PeanutsC.) BeefD.) Peas
Eggs
38
Which of the following is a major source of Ca in humans?A.) PoultryB.) Dairy productsC.) FruitD.) Grains & cereals
Dairy products
39
Ketones results from?A.) Gluconeogenesis of amino acidsB.) Glycolysis of glucoseC.) Beta OxidationD.) Incomplete oxidation of fats
Incomplete oxidation of fats
40
Sucrose can be broken down to what and what?A.) Glucose and FructoseB.) Glucose and MaltoseC.) Glucose and FructoseD.) Glucose and Glucose
Glucose and fructose
41
Glutamate transaminase & alanine transaminase both require?A.) ThiamineB.) NiacinC.) PyridoxineD.) Cobalamin
Pyridoxine
42
Oxidation of fatty acids yielding CO2 & water through beta oxidation also goes through?A.) HMP & GluconeogenesisB.) HMP shunt & TCAC.) TCA & ETCD.) TCA & Gluconeogenesis
TCA and ETC
43
If you ingest 200g of carbohydrates it will yield how many Kilocalories?A.) 200B.) 800C.) 1200D.) 100
800
44
Which is not a derivative of tyrosine?A.) ThyroxineB.) SerotoninC.) EpinephrineD.) Norepinephrine
Serotonin
45
Which of the following bonds are found in lipids?A.) PeptideB.) EsterC.) DisulfideD.) H
Ester
46
The reason that the TCA cycle cannot proceed under anaerobic conditions?A.) Cannot perform substrate level phosphorylationB.) There’s no seal available for ETCC.) Cannot regenerate NADPHD.) Cannot regenerate NAD and FAD w/o O2
Cannot regenerate NAD and FAD w/o O2
47
Which of the following enzymes is the apoenzyme of a holoenzyme?A.) MineralsB.) CarbohydratesC.) VitaminsD.) Proteins
Proteins
48
In the electron transport chain, what contains copper?A.) Cytochrome BB.) Cytochrome A3C.) Cytochrome CD.) Coenzyme Q
Cytochrome A3
49
Which of the following is a function of an enzyme?A.) catalyse reaction ray product is converted to a substrateB.) Consumed in reactionC.) Decrease rate of reactionD.) the activation energy
The activation energy
50
Which of the following pulls fatty acid across the mitochondrial membrane?A.) MalateB.) CarnitineC.) CitrateD.) Lysine
Carnitine
51
Which of the following vitamins are necessary for the maintenance of RBCs?A.) B6B.) B1C.) B12 & Folic AcidD.) B2
B12 & Folic Acid
52
tRNA is responsible for?A.) Binds 2 DNA strandsB.) Information to the ribosomesC.) Supplying amino acids to complete a specific protein chainD.) Transcription of a code or protein production
Supplying amino acids to complete a specific protein chain
53
Acidic conditions in the liver as a result of alcoholism is due to build-up of?A.) AcetateB.) Beta hydroxybutyric acidC.) Acid toneD.) Acetoacetate
Acetate
54
What CHO has RNA as its major component?A.) FructoseB.) GlucoseC.) Alpha deoxyriboseD.) Ribose
Ribose
55
Glycogenesis with lipolysis but no protein synthesis will lead to?A.) StarvationB.) High-fat levelsC.) Being well fedD.) glucose levels
Starvation
56
Glucose is higher in which of the following foods?A.) EggsB.) Animal liverC.) SoyD.) Cereals
Cereals
57
Which is not part of an animal cell membrane?A.) PhosphatidylB.) EggsC.) CholesterolD.) Tristeapisin
Tristeapisin
58
Which of the following vitamins is lethal in high doses?A.) Vit B3B.) Vit B6C.) Vit CD.) Vit D
Vit D
59
Which is an important adjunct in the absorption of glucose?A.) MagnesiumB.) SeleniumC.) ZincD.) Chromium
Chromium
60
Which of the following is an important adjunct for glucose?A.) MgB.) CopperC.) ChromiumD.) Zn
Chromium
61
Extracellular ammonia is transported from skeletal muscle to the liver by?A.) L-KetoglutarateB.) L-AlanineC.) L-GlutamateD.) L-Ornithine
L-Alanine
62
Which is lacking in the strict vegetarian’s diet?A.) Vit DB.) Ascorbic acidC.) CobalaminD.) Tocopherol
Cobalamin
63
What enzyme issues for breakdown of glycogen?A.) HexokinaseB.) Glycogen phosphorylaseC.) GlucokinaseD.) Glycogen synthesis
Glycogen phosphorylase
64
Which is responsible for carboxylation reactions?A.) ThiamineB.) PyridoxineC.) BiotinD.) ATP
Biotin
65
A 100Kg adult male requires approximately how many grams of dietary protein a day?A.) 150B.) 20C.) 75D.) 40
75
66
The most abundant polar compound of a cell membrane is?A.) CholesterolB.) Fatty acid part of a phospholipidC.) GlycoproteinD.) Phosphate portion of phospholipid
Phosphate portion of phospholipid
67
To generate an unsaturated fatty acid a saturated fatty acid must undergo?A.) ReductionB.) HydrogenationC.) DeaminationD.) Oxidation
Reduction
68
As the density of lipoproteins is increased ________ decreases and ________ increases.A.) Protein, TriacylglycerolB.) Protein, sterolC.) Triacylglycerol, sterolD.) Triacylglycerol, proteins
Triacylglycerol, proteins
69
Which of the following is a purine?A.) UracilB.) CytosineC.) ThymineD.) Guanine
Guanine
70
What is an isomere of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?A.) Glucose-6-phosphateB.) Fructose-6-phosphateC.) PyruvateD.) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
71
The source of NADPH for fatty acids synthesis is from?A.) Hexose-monophosphate shuntB.) TCAC.) Glycolytic pathwayD.) ETC
Hexose-monophosphate shunt
72
An increase in which of the following minerals causes a decrease in blood pressure?A.) PB.) NaC.) KD.) Cl
K
73
What lipids comprise the majority of dietary fats?A.) GlycolipidB.) LipoproteinsC.) CholesterolD.) Triglyceride
Triglyceride
74
Which is a mucopolysaccharides?A.) AmyloseB.) Hyaluronic acidC.) GlycogenD.) Hemicellulose
Hyaluronic acid
75
What carbon source supplies the glycerol portion of the triglyceride for lipogenesis?A.) HMG CoAB.) Acetyl CoAC.) PalmitateD.) Glucose
Acetyl CoA
76
Which is a product of Pyruvate and can enter the TCA cycle?A.) CO2B.) OxaloaceticC.) IsocitrateD.) Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
77
Oxaloacetate is the alpha keto of?A.) ThreonineB.) Aspartic acidC.) Glutamic acidD.) Alanine
Aspartic acid
78
Which of the following indicates that an amino acid is nonessential?A.) Ability of body to synthesize itB.) Inability of body to synthesize itC.) Can be obtained from foodD.) Body does not need it for function
Ability of body to synthesize it
79
What amino acid is converted to indole in the intestine?A.) TryptophanB.) AlanineC.) OrnithineD.) Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
80
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?A.) Linolenic acidB.) Palmitic acidC.) Stearic acidD.) Oleic acid
Linolenic acid
81
Protein is first broken down in which of the following body structures?A.) KidneyB.) LiverC.) StomachD.) Skeletal muscle
Stomach
82
Decarboxylation of acetoacetate yields what?A.) HMG-CoAB.) AcetateC.) Beta-hydroxybutyric acidD.) Acetone
Acetone
83
What glycosidic bond is found in GlycogenA.) Alpha 1, 4B.) Beta 1, 4C.) Alpha 1, 4 & Alpha 1, 6D.) Beta 1, 6
Alpha 1, 4 & Alpha 1, 6
84
After glycogen has been depleted from the body, what is the source of carbon?A.) KetonesB.) Dietary fatsC.) Endogenous fatsD.) Proteins
Proteins
85
The reductive step in fatty acid biosynthesis requires?A.) NADB.) Acetyl CoAC.) FAD2D.) NADPH
NADPH
86
Which CTA cycle intermediate is a mitochondrial membrane transporter?A.) CitrateB.) Succinyl CoAC.) Alpha KGD.) Fumarate
Citrate
87
The biosynthesis of cholesterol begins with?A.) Malony CoAB.) SqualeneC.) Acetyl CoAD.) Mevalonate
Acetyle CoA
88
Cholesterol is not part of which food?A.) BeefB.) Whole milkC.) PeanutsD.) Fish
Peanuts
89
The alpha helix and data pleated sheets are what type of structures?A.) Primary protein structuresB.) Secondary protein structuresC.) Tertiary protein structuresD.) All of the above
Secondary protein structures
90
What vitamin is used for carboxylation reaction during Gluconeogenesis?A.) ThiamineB.) NiacinC.) BiotinD.) Pyridoxine
Biotin
91
What is a carbon glucose precursor?A.) PyruvateB.) FumarateC.) GlycerateD.) All of the above
Glycerate
92
Which is the active form of folate?A.) DihydrofolateB.) Folic acidC.) TetrahydrofolateD.) Folacin
Tetrahydrofolate
93
Which of the following amino acids is ketogenic?A.) LysineB.) CysterineC.) CystineD.) Methionine
Lysine
94
Which of the following is a branch chain amino acid?A.) TyrosineB.) PhenylalanineC.) TryptophanD.) Leucine
Leucine
95
Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is responsible for xerophthalmia?A.) RetinolB.) NiacinC.) ThiamnineD.) Riboflavin
Retinol
96
Which disease would occur if there was a deficiency in the enzyme for the conversion of phynylalanine to tyrosine?A.) KetohexoseB.) TyrosinemiaC.) Maple Syru Urine DiseaseD.) Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria
97
HMG-CoA reductase is the rate limiting enzyme in?A.) Glycogen breakdownB.) Glycogen SynthesisC.) Cholesterol SynthesisD.) Glucose breakdown
Cholesterol synthesis
98
Which increases the serum Ca levels?A.) ParathormoneB.) ThyroxineC.) AdrenalineD.) Calcitonin
Parathormone
99
Which of the following affects growth factor?A.) ZincB.) Vit EC.) SeleniumD.) Vit C
Zinc
100
What’s the final stage in the complete metabolism of fat?A.) Beta oxidation cycleB.) Aerobic GlycolysisC.) TCA cycleD.) Anaerobic Glycolysis
TCA cycle
101
DNA complementary strand would be which for 5’ ATGCTACG 3’?A.) 5’ TCGATGC 3’B.) 3’ UACGAUGC 5’C.) 5’ TACGATGC 3’D.) 3’ TACGATGC 5’
3' TACGATGC 5'
102
Which is considered to be the most saturated?A.) Coconut OilB.) Sunflower OilC.) Safflower OilD.) Corn Oil
Coconut oil
103
Beta oxidation occurs in ________ and is a ________ process?A.) Ribosomes, reductionB.) Mitochondria, reductionC.) Cytoplasm, oxidationD.) Muscles, isotonic
Mitochondria, reduction
104
All amino acids at a pH of 7 has its isoelectric point at a pH of 6, therefore it will be?A.) Negatively chargedB.) Positively chargedC.) Its isoelectric pointD.) In the form of a Zwitter ion
Negatively charged
105
By which mechanism do humans eliminate cholesterol?A.) Metabolism of carbon dioxideB.) Metabolism of CoAC.) Excretion via urineD.) Excretion via feces
Excretion via feces
106
What is required for trans-skeleton reactions?A.) B6B.) B3C.) B2D.) B1
B1
107
What type of bond holds DNA bases together?A.) SB.) HC.) EstherD.) Peptide
Esther
108
What is the significant intermediate in cytoplasmic biosynthesis of fatty acids?A.) Beta hydroxybutyric acidB.) Malonyl CoAC.) Acid PyruvicD.) Mevalonic
Malonyl CoA
109
The molecule that enzymes act upon is known as?A.) SubstrateB.) Amino acidsC.) ProductD.) Proteins
Substrate
110
In which process is glucagons converted to a monosaccharide phosphate?A.) GluconeogenesisB.) GlycogenolysisC.) GlycolysisD.) Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
111
How many bases are found on the carbons?A.) 3B.) 4C.) 1D.) 2
3
112
Pantothenic acid is necessary for production of?A.) CobalaminB.) Coenzyme AC.) Cytochrome BD.) Amino Acids
Coenzyme A
113
Homocysteine is a product of the demineralization of?A.) AlanineB.) GlutamineC.) PhenylalanineD.) Methionine
Methionine
114
Which of the following has the highest energy compound?A.) Glucose-6-phosphateB.) AMPC.) Creatinine phosphateD.) ATP
Creatine phosphate
115
Lack of B12 results in a deficiency of what?A.) GlycineB.) MethionineC.) HomocysteineD.) Pyruvate
Glycine
116
What leads to ketone body synthesis?A.) Incomplete oxidation of fatsB.) Incomplete breakdown of carbsC.) Complete oxidation of fatD.) Increased levels of glucose
Incomplete oxidation of fats
117
What amino acid is a precursor to serotonin?A.) TryptophanB.) ArgineC.) TyrosineD.) Niacin
Tryptophan
118
Sucrose is made from the combination of what and what?A.) Glucose & FructoseB.) Glucose & GalactoseC.) Glucose & GlucoseD.) Glucose & Lactose
Glucose & Fructose
119
Free radicals are highly radical substances that result from what type of lipids?A.) SaturationB.) EsterificationC.) PeroxidationD.) Hydrogenation
Peroxidation
120
What is the reducing agent in fatty acid biosynthesis?A.) NADPHB.) CO2C.) BiotinD.) FAD
NADPH
121
Dietary vitamin n E is absorbed in the intestines by?A.) Biotin & ThiamineB.) Amino acidsC.) CarbohydratesD.) Lipids
Lipids
122
Which is a polypeptide hormone?A.) EpinephrineB.) TestosteroneC.) CortisolD.) Insulin
Insulin
123
Purine N is derived from?A.) Amino acids/uric acidB.) Uric acid/amino acidsC.) Amino acid/ureaD.) Amino acid/creatine
Amino acids/uric acid
124
In the initial step of the CTA, the combination of acetyl CoA & what form citrate?A.) AcetoacetateB.) PyruvateC.) MalateD.) Oxaloacetate
Oxaloacetate
125
Glucose to lactate produces?A.) 0 ATP, 0 NADH, 2 CO2B.) 0 ATP, 2 NADH, 0 CO2C.) 2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2D.) 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
2 ATP, 0 NADH, 0 CO2
126
If a substance contains 30% starch and 10% maltose 10% lactose 50% sucrose what % is glucose, galactose, fructose?A.) 70, 20, 10B.) 70, 10, 10C.) 70, 5, 25D.) 60, 30, 10
70, 5, 25
