Chemistry Flashcards
(36 cards)
HHPS: What does the inverted triangle and octagon mean?
Inverted Triangle: the container is dangerous
Octagon: the contents inside are dangerous
What are the symbols used in HHPS?
Explosive, Flammable, Corrosive, Poisonous
What are the symbols used in WHMIS?
Corrosive Gas Flammable Material Oxidizing Material Toxic Materials (Immediate and Severe) Toxic Materials (Concealed and Long Term) Biohazardous Infectous Material Corrosive Material Dangerously Reactive Material
What is a Pure Substance?
Matter that contains only 1 type of particle
What is the difference between an Element and a Compound
Element: only one type of atom
Compound: two or more types of atoms in a fixed ratio
What is a Mixture?
Matter that contains more than one type of particle
What is the difference between Homogenous Mixtures (Solutions) and Heterogenous Mixtures?
Homogenous Mixtures: a mixture with only one visible phase
Heterogenous Mixtures: a mixture with more than one visible phase
What is a physical property?
Anything that describes the characteristics of a substance
Can be determined through the five senses
What is a chemical property?
Something that describes the reactivity of a substance
What is a physical change?
When the substance involved remains the same substance even if it changes state, shape or form.
What is a chemical change?
When the substance changes into a new substance that has new properties.
- New Colour
- Heat or Light
- Bubbles formed
- Solid turns to Liquid
- Difficult to Reverse
What is an Atomic Number?
The number of protons in the element
TOP LEFT
What is Atomic Mass?
The weighted average mass of all natural isotopes of an element by their abundance.
(DECIMAL NUMBER UNDER SYMBOL ROUNDED)
What is a Mass Number?
The number of protons + neutrons in an element
How do you find out the: # of protons # of electrons # of neutrons
# of protons + # of electrons = Atomic Number # of neutrons: Mass Number - Atomic Number
What is an Isotope?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
When drawing atoms, how may electrons are in each valence shell?
2 valence electrons in the shell
8 valence electrons after the first shell
What are valence electrons?
The electrons in the outer energy level
What is a valence shell?
The outermost energy level / shell / orbit
What are the similarities of a period in the periodic table?
All the elements in the same period of the periodic table have the same number of energy levels
What are the similarities of a group in the periodic table?
All the elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons
How can an atom achieve stability?
By having a full valence shell.
To achieve full valence shells, elements like to lose and gain OR share electrons.
When trying to achieve stability, when do you lose and gain electrons?
Metals lose electrons.
Non-metals gain electrons.
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom.
Through gaining or losing electrons to achieve stability.
